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Effect of hesperidin on PM2.5-induced JNK signal transduction. Cells were pre-treated with hesperidin (50 µM) for 30 min and then with PM2.5 (50 μg/mL) for 48 h, and cell lysates were analyzed using western blot (WB) for (A) phosphor-JNK and JNK and (B) phosphor-c-Jun, c-Jun, and c-Fos. Actin was used as a loading control. * p < 0.05 compared with the control group and # p < 0.05 compared with the PM2.5-treated group.
