Table 2.
Summary of results in participants: key outcomes at 12 months.
| Mean (SD) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Baseline | 12 Months | Change | 95% CI | p Value | |
| Weight (kg) | 35 | 100.3 (16.8) | 88.8 (14.3) | 11.6 (8.9) | 8.5–14.6 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 35 | 34.4 (4.5) | 30.5 (4.2) | 3.9 (2.8) | 2.9–5.0 | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 35 | 113.2 (11.5) | 100.3 (10.8) | 12.9 (8.9) | 9.9–16.0 | <0.001 |
| Fat mass (%) | 35 | 37.5 (8.8) | 32.2 (9.6) | 5.3 (4.9) | 3.6–7.0 | <0.001 |
| Fat free mass (%) | 35 | 62.5 (8.7) | 67.8 (9.6) | −5.3 (5.0) | 3.6–7.0 | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 35 | 65.0 (20.6) | 49.5 (17.1) | 15.5 (19.5) | 8.8–22.2 | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 35 | 8.1 (1.9) | 6.7 (1.6) | 1.4 (1.8) | 0.8–2.0 | <0.001 |
| Number of diabetes medications (mean, SD) | 35 | 1.1 (0.8) | 0.3 (0.7) | 0.8 (0.6) | 0.6–1.0 | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 35 | 133.6 (14.9) | 124.2 (10.6) | 9.3 (16.2) | 3.8–14.9 | 0.002 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 35 | 88.2 (9.7) | 78.5 (12.0) | 9.7 (14.6) | 4.7–14.7 | <0.001 |
| Number of anti-hypertensive medications | 35 | 0.9 (1.0) | 0.6 (0.2) | 0.3 (0.5) | 0.5–3.5 | 0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 35 | 4.8 (1.5) | 4.5 (1.3) | 0.3 (1.1) | −0.8–0.6 | 0.128 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 35 | 1.2 (0.4) | 1.3 (0.4) | 0.1 (0.2) | −1.3–0.1 | 0.74 |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 34 | 2.7 (1.1) | 2.6 (0.8) | 0.1 (0.8) | −0.2–0.4 | 0.617 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/l) | 35 | 2.1 (2.2) | 1.5 (1.8) | 0.7 (0.9) | 0.4–1.0 | <0.001 |
| Rosenberg | 35 | 21.3 (5.2) | 24.1 (5.0) | −2.7 (3.9) | −4.0–−1.4 | <0.001 |
| DDS Mean | 35 | 2.3 (1.0) | 1.8 (0.9) | 0.5 (0.8) | 0.2–0.7 | 0.001 |
| PHQ9 | 35 | 5.3 (4.8) | 3.4 (4.4) | 1.9 (4.7) | 0.3–3.5 | 0.021 |
| GAD7 | 35 | 3.7 (4.4) | 3.4 (4.7) | 0.3 (3.7) | −0.9–1.6 | 0.584 |
| WAS | 35 | 6.3 (6.7) | 6.5 (9.5) | −0.2 (8.2) | −3.0–2.6 | 0.869 |
| BES | 35 | 9.3 (6.0) | 7.7 (5.7) | 1.5 (6.1) | −0.6–3.6 | 0.144 |
Data are in n (%), mean (SD). %, percentage; n, number; BMI, body mass index, HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; kg/m2, kilograms per metre squared, kg, kilograms; DDS = Diabetes Distress Score. PHQ9 = Patient Health Questionnaire. GAD7 = Generalised Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire. WAS = Work and Social Adjustment Scale. BES = Binge Eating Scale; mmol/L, millimoles per litre. HDL, high-density lipoproteins, LDL, low-density lipoproteins.