Table 2.
Socio-demographic and environmental characteristics of municipalities (N = 25).
| Municipality | Policy Year | Population Size a | % Black a | % Hispanic a | % Poverty a | Land Area (sq. mile) b | Number of Dollar Stores | Dollar Stores (per sq. mile) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Birmingham, AL | 2019 | 209,403 | 71 | 4 | 27 | 146.1 | 55 | 0.38 |
| Palm City, FL | 2020 | 23,120 | 1 | 6 | 6 | 13.9 | 0 | 0 |
| Atlanta, GA | 2019 | 506,811 | 52 | 4 | 22 | 133.2 | 81 | 0.61 |
| College Park, GA | 2020 | 15,159 | 80 | 4 | 30 | 10.1 | 2 | 0.20 |
| Clarkston, GA | 2020 | 12,637 | 60 | 4 | 31 | 1.1 | 4 | 3.64 |
| DeKalb County, GA | 2020 | 759,297 | 55 | 9 | 14 | 267.6 | 68 | 0.25 |
| East Point, GA | 2020 | 34,875 | 76 | 9 | 22 | 14.7 | 6 | 0.41 |
| Stonecrest, GA | 2019 | 54,522 | 94 | 2 | 19 | 37.2 | 5 | 0.13 |
| Wyandotte County, KS | 2019 | 491,918 | 29 | 10 | 17 | 315.0 | 1 | 0.003 |
| New Orleans, LA | 2019 | 391,006 | 60 | 6 | 25 | 169.4 | 46 | 0.27 |
| Melvindale, MI | 2019 | 10,248 | 14 | 22 | 28 | 2.7 | 2 | 0.74 |
| Southfield, MI | 2020 | 72,689 | 69 | 2 | 11 | 26.3 | 12 | 0.46 |
| Akron, OH | 2019 | 197,597 | 30 | 2 | 23 | 62.0 | 46 | 0.74 |
| Broadview Heights, OH | 2019 | 19,102 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 13.1 | 1 | 0.08 |
| Brunswick, OH | 2020 | 34,880 | 3 | 3 | 8 | 12.9 | 3 | 0.23 |
| Cleveland, OH | 2019 | 381,009 | 50 | 12 | 35 | 77.7 | 80 | 1.03 |
| North Royalton, OH | 2020 | 30,068 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 21.3 | 1 | 0.05 |
| Toledo, OH | 2020 | 272,779 | 27 | 9 | 26 | 80.7 | 48 | 0.59 |
| Oklahoma City, OK | 2019 | 649,021 | 15 | 19 | 17 | 606.4 | 88 | 0.15 |
| Tulsa, OK | 2018 | 400,669 | 15 | 16 | 20 | 196.8 | 56 | 0.28 |
| Mauldin, SC | 2020 | 25,409 | 25 | 9 | 8 | 10.0 | 3 | 0.30 |
| Baytown, TX | 2020 | 77,192 | 19 | 45 | 16 | 35.5 | 17 | 0.48 |
| Fort Worth, TX | 2019 | 895,008 | 19 | 35 | 16 | 399.8 | 76 | 0.19 |
| Manvel, TX | 2020 | 12,671 | 20 | 34 | 4 | 23.5 | 1 | 0.04 |
| Mesquite, TX | 2018 | 142,816 | 26 | 40 | 13 | 46.0 | 19 | 0.41 |
sq. = square. Note: Municipality represents a city or county with a governing body and local government. a Population size, % Non-Hispanic Black, % Hispanic, and % poverty represent 2019 American Community Survey estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau: www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact (accessed on 23 September 2020). b Land area in square miles represents 2010 estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau: www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact (accessed on 23 September 2020).