Table 1.
Demographic data and comparison of trichoscopic findings among patients with dermatomyositis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and systemic sclerosis
| Variables | DM (n = 30) | SLE (n = 60) | SSc (n = 60) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (mean ± SD), years | 52.0±16.2 | 36.7±14.4 | 53.8±12.8 | n.a. |
| Sex, n (%) | n.a. | |||
| Male | 8 (26.7) | 2 (3.3) | 10 (16.7) | |
| Female | 22 (73.3) | 58 (96.7) | 50 (83.3) | |
| Age of disease onset (mean ± SD), years | 48.2±15.8 | 27.0±12.9 | 45.0±13.9 | n.a. |
| Median duration of disease (IQR), months | 36 (7–60) | 90 (24–204) | 96 (36–144) | n.a. |
| Trichoscopic findings, n (%) | ||||
| Hair shaft findings | ||||
| Decrease in number | 9 (30) | 20 (33.3) | 25 (41.7) | 0.475 |
| Decrease in diameter | 1 (3.3) | 10 (16.7) | 10 (16.7) | 0.101 |
| Hair shaft hypopigmentation | 3 (10) | 18 (30.0) | 0 (0) | <0.001* |
| Follicular opening and dots | ||||
| Black dots | 2 (6.7) | 2 (3.3) | 1 (1.7) | 0.487 |
| White dots | 17 (56.7) | 29 (48.3) | 45 (75.0) | 0.009* |
| Perifollicular and interfollicular scalp surface | ||||
| Brown peripilar sign | 5 (16.7) | 1 (1.7) | 0 (0) | 0.001* |
| Perifollicular red-brown pigmentation | 10 (33.3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | <0.001* |
| Brown honeycomb pigmentation | 24 (80.0) | 46 (76.7) | 51 (85.0) | 0.506 |
| Brown scattered pigmentation | 0 (0) | 9 (15.0) | 0 (0) | <0.001* |
| Blue-gray speckled pigmentation | 12 (40.0) | 17 (28.3) | 2 (3.3) | 0.014* |
| Salt and pepper appearance | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 3 (5.0) | 0.061 |
| White patches | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 25 (41.7) | <0.001* |
| Perifollicular scales | 20 (66.7) | 23 (38.3) | 18 (30.0) | 0.004* |
| Interfollicular scales | 13 (43.3) | 20 (33.3) | 11 (18.3) | 0.031* |
| Vascular findings | ||||
| Dotted vessels | 8 (26.7) | 13 (21.7) | 0 (0) | <0.001* |
| Thin arborizing vessels | 29 (96.7) | 60 (100) | 55 (91.7) | 0.027* |
| Prominent arborizing vessels | 7 (23.3) | 31 (51.7) | 22 (36.7) | 0.026* |
| Thick arborizing vessels | 16 (53.3) | 22 (36.7) | 31 (51.7) | 0.169 |
| Microaneurysmal blood vessels | 5 (16.7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | <0.001* |
| Polymorphic vessels forming a telangiectatic network | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 12 (20.0) | <0.001* |
| Perifollicular location of aberrant vessels | 4 (13.3) | 1 (1.7) | 0 (0) | 0.006* |
| Interfollicular location of aberrant vessels | 27 (90.0) | 60 (100) | 54 (90.0) | 0.008* |
| Avascular areas | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 32 (53.3) | <0.001* |
DM, dermatomyositis; IQR, interquartile range; n.a., not applicable; SD, standard deviation; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; SSc, systemic sclerosis.
*
Statistically significant at p < 0.05.