The content is available as a PDF (432.1 KB).
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42021005, 42177113) and the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (2018350). We are grateful to Prof. Mingming Sun and Ms. Shuyue Liu for their constructive suggestions and figure drawing.
Footnotes
Compliance and ethics The author(s) declare that they have no conflict of interest.
References
- Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis. Lancet (London, England) 2022;399:629–655. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02724-0. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Chen P, Guo X, Li S, Li F. A review of the bioelectrochemical system as an emerging versatile technology for reduction of antibiotic resistance genes. Environ Int. 2021;156:106689. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106689. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dupuis M, Villion M, Magadán AH, Moineau S. CRISPR-Cas and restriction-modification systems are compatible and increase phage resistance. Nat Commun. 2013;4:2087. doi: 10.1038/ncomms3087. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Larsson DGJ, Flach CF. Antibiotic resistance in the environment. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2022;20:257–269. doi: 10.1038/s41579-021-00649-x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lu J, Guo J. Science 371. 2021. Disinfection spreads antimicrobial resistance; p. 474. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- O’Neill. (2016). Tackling drug-resistant infections globally: final report and recommendations. Review on Antimicrobial Resistance.
- Reardon S. Phage therapy gets revitalized. Nature. 2014;510:15–16. doi: 10.1038/510015a. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rodrigues M, McBride SW, Hullahalli K, Palmer KL, Duerkop BA. Conjugative delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 for the selective depletion of antibiotic-resistant enterococci. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2019;63:e01454–19. doi: 10.1128/AAC.01454-19. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Shao B, Liu Z, Tang L, Liu Y, Liang Q, Wu T, Pan Y, Zhang X, Tan X, Yu J. The effects of biochar on antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) removal during different environmental governance processes: A review. J Hazard Mater. 2022;435:129067. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129067. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Yosef I, Manor M, Kiro R, Qimron U. Temperate and lytic bacteriophages programmed to sensitize and kill antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2015;112:7267–7272. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1500107112. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ye M, Sun M, Zhao Y, Jiao W, Xia B, Liu M, Feng Y, Zhang Z, Huang D, Huang R, et al. Targeted inactivation of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a soil-lettuce system by combined polyvalent bacteriophage and biochar treatment. Environ Pollution. 2018;241:978–987. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.04.070. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ye M, Sun M, Huang D, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Zhang S, Hu F, Jiang X, Jiao W. A review of bacteriophage therapy for pathogenic bacteria inactivation in the soil environment. Environ Int. 2019;129:488–496. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.05.062. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zhang AN, Gaston JM, Dai CL, Zhao S, Poyet M, Groussin M, Yin X, Li LG, van Loosdrecht MCM, Topp E, et al. An omics-based framework for assessing the health risk of antimicrobial resistance genes. Nat Commun. 2021;12:4765. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-25096-3. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zhu YG, Johnson TA, Su JQ, Qiao M, Guo GX, Stedtfeld RD, Hashsham SA, Tiedje JM. Diverse and abundant antibiotic resistance genes in Chinese swine farms. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2013;110:3435–3440. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1222743110. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zhu YG, Zhao Y, Li B, Huang CL, Zhang SY, Yu S, Chen YS, Zhang T, Gillings MR, Su JQ. Continental-scale pollution of estuaries with antibiotic resistance genes. Nat Microbiol. 2017;2:16270. doi: 10.1038/nmicrobiol.2016.270. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
