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PAGln was significantly associated with AF. (A) Increased relative abundance of gut microbial porA enzyme in AF fecal samples. p = 0.493, Student’s t-test. (B) Higher plasma PAGln levels in AF patients than controls without AF. (C) Levels of plasma PAGln in PAF, psAF and control groups. PAF, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation; psAF, persistent atrial fibrillation. *** p < 0.001; ns, no significance.
