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. 2022 Aug 16;11(16):2541. doi: 10.3390/cells11162541

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Cellular crosstalk between melanocytes and neighboring cells in skin-aging pigmentation. UV, ultraviolet; SASP, senescence-associated secretory phenotype, POMC, p53-mediated upregulation of proopiomelanocortin; α-MSH, α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone; MC1R, α-MSH stimulates the melanocortin 1 receptors; ET-1, endothelin-1; bFGF, basic fibroblast growth factor; SCF, stem cell factor; ENDRB, endothelin B receptor; RTK, receptor tyrosinase kinase; HGF, hepatocyte growth factor; KGF, keratinocyte growth factor; sFRP2, secreted frizzled-related protein 2; GDF15, growth differentiation factor 15; SDF1, stromal-derived factor 1; CLU, clusterin; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase.