Table 2.
The quaternary ammonium salt disinfectants against SARS-CoV-2.
| Product/Active Ingredient | Production Type | Concentration | Disinfection Phase | Contact Time | Reduction of Viral Infectivity (log10) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Di-N-decyl dimethyl ammonium bromide (DNB) | Disinfection solution | ≥283 mg/L | Suspension test (with organic matrix) | 30 s–10 min | ≥4.92 | [24] |
| 212 mg/L | 30 s, ≥1 min | 3.59, ≥4.92 | ||||
| 170 mg/L | 30 s, ≥1 min | 2.5, ≥4.92 | ||||
| Di-N-decyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DNC) | Disinfection solution | ≥283 mg/L | Suspension test (with organic matrix) | 30 s–10 min | ≥4.92 | |
| 212 mg/L | 30 s, ≥1 min | 3.59, ≥4.92 | ||||
| 170 mg/L | 30 s, ≥1 min | 2.5, ≥4.92 | ||||
| Disinfection solution (mixed with ethanol as antifreeze) | 3000 mg/L | Carrier test on cloth (−20 °C) | 5 min | 4 | [58] | |
| Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) | Disinfection solution | 0.2% | Suspension test, skin model | 5 s–1 min | 1.83–3.19 | [23] |
| 0.05% | 1.33–2.36 | |||||
| Disinfection solution | 0.1% | Suspension test | 5 min–30 min | >3.8 # | [7] | |
| Foaming handwash (0.1% w/w) | 0.025% | Suspension test (with organic matrix) (37 °C) | 1 min | ≥3.4 | [59] | |
| Disinfection solution (surface cleaner, 0.56% w/w) | 0.45% w/w | Suspension test (with organic matrix) | 5 min | ≥4.5 | ||
| Disinfection solution | 0.2% w/w | Suspension test (with organic matrix) | 15 s–30 s | 2.09–>3.19 * | [60] | |
| Hand sanitizing wipe | 0.13% | 15 s–30 s | >2.64–>2.97 * | |||
| Cavicide a | Disinfection solution | - | 15 s–30 s | >2.88–>3.19 * | ||
| Clean Quick b | Disinfection solution | diluted (0.02%) | 15 s–30 s | 0, >2.88 * | ||
| MICRO-CHEM PLUS Detergent Disinfectant Cleaner c | Disinfection solution | 0.56–5% | Suspension test | 15 s–8 min | >4 | [22] |
| 0.19% | 15 s, 30 s, >1 min | 1.46, 3.23, >4 | ||||
| 0.06% | 15 s–4 min, 8 min | 0–3.03, >4 | ||||
| FWD d | Disinfection solution | 0.56–5% | Suspension test | 15 s–8 min | >4 | |
| 0.19% | 15 s, >30 s | 0.11, >4 | ||||
| 0.06% | 15 s–8 min | 0 | ||||
| Alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (C12-16) (0.096% w/w) | Disinfection solution (surface cleanser) | 0.077% w/w | Suspension test (with organic matrix) | 5 min | ≥4.1 | [59,61] |
| Alkyl (50% C14, 40% C12, 10% C16) dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (0.19% w/w) | Wipe | 0.19% w/w (as supplied) | Carrier test on glass surface | 2 min | ≥3.5 | |
| Disinfectant spray e | Disinfection solution | - | Carrier test on glass surface | 2 min | ≥4.5 | |
| RTU cleaner f | Disinfection solution | 0.092% w/w (as supplied) | Carrier test on glass surface | 2 min | ≥4.0 | [59] |
| Super Sani-Cloth wipes g | Wipe | - | Wipe glass surface | 2 min | >4.46 | [62] |
| Dequonal (Dequalinium chloride, benzalkonium chloride) | Oral rinses | - | Suspension test (with organic matrix) | 30 s | ≥2.61 | [63] |
| Colgate Plax® Fruity Fresh (0.075% Cetylperidinium chloride, 0.05% Sodium fluoride) | Oral rinses | - | Suspension test (without and with organic matrix) | 30 s, 1 min | 5 | [64] |
| Mikrozid® sensitive h | Disinfection solution | 20% | Suspension test | 15 s, 1 min | ≥4.02, ≥3.17 | [33] |
| 80% | 15 s, 30 s, 1 min | ≥4.38, ≥4.38, ≥2.17 |
* For these tests, the amount of inactivation detected was the maximum possible inactivation level the assay was able to detect. Variation in log reduction value for these data points is due to variation of the titer on different test dates, not variation in the inactivation activity of the disinfectant. # Below the detection limit. a Cavicide (Metrex Research LLC, Orange, CA, USA): Diisobutylphenoxyethoxyethyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (0.28%), isopropanol (17.20%). b Clean Quick (Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH, USA): Alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chlorides (0.15%), alkyl dimethyl ethylbenzyl ammonium chlorides (0.15%). c MICRO-CHEM PLUS Detergent Disinfectant Cleaner (MCP, National Chemical Laboratories, Inc., Philadelphia, PA, USA): 4-Nonylphenol, branched, ethoxylated 1–5%, Sodium Carbonate 1–5%, Alkyl (68% C12, 32% C14) dimethyl ethylbenzyl ammonium chloride 1–3%, Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride (C12–C18) 1–3%, with components not listed either non-hazardous or below reportable limits. Tested at 0.06–5% of supplied. d FWD: Similar to MCP but more environmentally friendly, FWD is also a dual quaternary ammonium compounds product which is still in the stage of research and development. Tested at 0.06–5% of supplied. e Disinfectant spray: 50% w/w ethanol, 0.083% w/w Alkyl (50% C14, 40% C12, 10% C16) dimethyl benzyl ammonium saccharinate. f RTU cleaner: Alkyl (67% C12, 25% C14, 7% C16, 1% C8–C10–C18) dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride; Alkyl (50% C14, 40% C12, 10% C16) dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride. g Super Sani-Cloth wipes: composed of two quaternary ammonium compounds (each 0.25% by weight) and isopropyl alcohol (55.5% by weight). h Mikrozid® sensitive: 100 g contains: 0.26 g alkyl(C12-16) dimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride (ADBAC/BKC (C12e16)), 0.26 g didecyldimethyl ammonium chloride (DDAC), 0.26 g alkyl(C12e14)ethylbenzyl ammonium chloride (ADEBAC(C12e14)).