Effects of EEEC on (A) membrane potential and (B) intracellular calcium in clonal pancreatic β cell (BRIN BD11) and, (C–G) glucose uptake, (H) starch digestion and (I) glucose diffusion in vitro. Changes of fluorescence intensity in differentiated 3T3L1 adipocyte incubated with EEEC (E) minus or (F) plus 100 nM insulin. The ×10 magnification was used to take the images. Values n = 6 for membrane potential and intracellular calcium, n = 4 for uptake of glucose, digestion of starch and diffusion of glucose are mean ± SEM. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001 compared to control. Δ p < 0.05 compared to insulin alone.