Table 3.

OPs residue detection frequency and concentrations by province.

Province	OPs Residue	Detection		Mean	SD	Median	IQR (mg/kg)
		(n)	%	(mg/kg)		(mg/kg)	1st	3rd
CM	Diazinon	14	28	0.2216	0.2848	0.039	0.0028	0.5332
	Dimethoate	9	18	0.0347	0.0567	0.0114 a	0.0081	0.0355
	Pirimiphos-methyl	0	0	-	-	-	-	-
	Chlorpyrifos	39	78	0.0263	0.0734	0.0031 c	0.0025	0.0061
	Profenofos	2	4	0.0061	0.0011	0.0061	0.0053	-
	Ethion	3	6	0.0103	0.0098	0.0056	0.0037	-
	Triazophos	16	32	0.0038	0.0016	0.0034	0.0027	0.0042
PT	Diazinon	24	40	0.3525	0.4627	0.0912	0.0137	0.6669
	Dimethoate	8	13.3	0.1623	0.1224	0.1637 a,b	0.0609	0.2118
	Pirimiphos-methyl	0	0	-	-	-	-	-
	Chlorpyrifos	37	61.7	0.0202	0.0849	0.0021 c,d,e	0.0018	0.0026
	Profenofos	8	13.3	0.2889	0.5554	0.0502	0.0031	0.4188
	Ethion	0	0	-	-	-	-	-
	Triazophos	1	1.7	0.0021	-	0.0021	0.0021	0.0021
SK	Diazinon	20	39.2	0.2199	0.2625	0.0754	0.012	0.3976
	Dimethoate	7	13.7	0.0354	0.0167	0.0413	0.0159	0.0499
	Pirimiphos-methyl	1	2	0.0021	-	0.0021	0.0021	0.0021
	Chlorpyrifos	44	86.3	0.0057	0.011	0.0025 d	0.0021	0.0047
	Profenofos	2	3.9	0.0399	0.0516	0.0399	0.0034	-
	Ethion	1	2	0.0035	-	0.0035	0.0035	0.0035
	Triazophos	7	13.7	0.0027	0.0007	0.003	0.0022	0.0032
PNG	Diazinon	8	13.3	0.6951	0.7643	0.4316	0.0606	1.2346
	Dimethoate	13	21.7	0.0381	0.0468	0.0193 b	0.0091	0.0502
	Pirimiphos-methyl	1	1.7	0.0024	-	0.0024	0.0024	0.0024
	Chlorpyrifos	48	80	0.0102	0.0322	0.0029 e	0.0022	0.0038
	Profenofos	0	0	-	-	-	-	-
	Ethion	5	8.3	0.0462	0.0702	0.0085	0.0042	0.1071
	Triazophos	0	0	-	-	-	-	-

Abbreviations: Interquartile range (IQR); 1st quartile–3rd quartile, value followed by the same letters (a–e) in the same column are significantly different at <0.05 by Kruskal–Wallis test, post hoc p-value, p-value adjusted with the Bonferroni method. CM: Chiang Mai, PT: Pathum Thani, SK: Sukhothai, and PNG: Phang Nga.