Table 3.

Comparison of WHOQOL-Bref domain mean scores with clinical data

Variable	WHOQOL-Bref domain
	Physical	Psychological	Social	Environmental	Overall QoL
Age (years)
21–34	64.5 ± 16.7	72.86 ± 12.5	65.2 ± 27.8a	71.0 ± 11.0a	68.4 ± 13.2
35–60	59.1 ± 16.4	67.4 ± 15.1	70.1 ± 19.5a	61.3 ± 12.1b	64.5 ± 11.9
≥ 60	58.6 ± 16.6	72.4 ± 12.0	81.1 ± 13.3b	67.0 ± 14.0a,b	69.8 ± 11.1
p value	0.314*	0.169	0.010*	0.014	0.103
Gender
Male	61.4 ± 16.4	71.7 ± 13.4	73.8 ± 17.8	65.4 ± 12.9	68.1 ± 11.4
Female	55.6 ± 16.0	65.5 ± 14.3	71.5 ± 23.8	62.5 ± 13.2	63.8 ± 12.7
p value	0.094	0.034	0.582	0.301	0.088
Etiology of CKD
Hypertensive nephrosclerosis	59.3 ± 16.2	67.4 ± 13.3	69.7 ± 21.3	62.6 ± 14.1	64.8 ± 12.2
Diabetic nephropathy	55.3 ± 15.6	70.0 ± 16.6	78.0 ± 16.2	64.4 ± 13.8	66.9 ± 13.0
Glomerulonephritis	64.3 ± 18.7	70.0 ± 19.7	68.0 ± 33.1	70.5 ± 11.1	68.2 ± 18.1
Others	61.4 ± 16.7	72.2 ± 11.3	75.0 ± 15.3	65.0 ± 11.8	68.2 ± 9.3
p value	0.459	0.523	0.601*	0.442	0.605
HD vintage
3 months–1 year	71.1 ± 15.5	79.0 ± 9.1	77.5 ± 12.9	75.3 ± 9.4a	75.7 ± 9.0a
1–5 years	58.0 ± 17.5	68.9 ± 14.1	72.0 ± 23.1	63.8 ± 14.3b	65.7 ± 13.0b
≥ 5 years	59.1 ± 14.4	68.8 ± 14.1	73.4 ± 16.0	62.7 ± 10.6b	66.0 ± 10.2a,b
p value	0.065	0.089	0.809*	0.019	0.043
Mortality
Yes	61.1 ± 9.2	67.7 ± 17.0	73.7 ± 20.2	62.5 ± 15.4	66.2 ± 11.3
No	59.0 ± 15.3	69.9 ± 12.6	71.4 ± 20.3	64.6 ± 11.8	66.2 ± 14.2
p value	0.582	0.486	0.645	0.519	0.995

QoL, quality of life, total score; CKD, chronic kidney disease; HD, hemodialysis. Values presented as mean ± standard deviation, with a significant difference for p ≤ 0.05, one-way ANOVA test or *Kruskal–Wallis test. Superscript letters (a, b) represent the statistical analysis: different letters mean significant differences