Figure 4.

Prediction and experimental validation of synthetic lineages of RBD variants

(A) Workflow to select and test synthetic variants at chosen edit distances (ED₃, ED₅, and ED₇) from Wu-Hu-1 RBD.

(B) Lineage plot of synthetic variants depicts machine learning predictions and experimental validation (Figure S5) for ACE2 binding and non-binding.

(C) Dot plots of synthetic variants correspond to machine learning model (RF and RNN) predictions and experimental validation for antibody binding or escape.

(D) Structural modeling by AlphaFold2 shows predicted structures of RBD variants that are ACE2 binding (green boxes) or non-binding (red boxes); control is Wu-Hu-1 RBD (black box).

See also Figure S5.