Table 2.
Clinical characteristics of SLE patients who did or did not have flares after COVID-19 vaccination.
|
SLE flares (N = 37) |
No SLE flares (N = 412) |
P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD; Number (%) | |||
| Age, years | 42.4 ± 13.4 | 48.8 ± 13.2 | 0.008 |
| SLE duration, years | 13.2 ± 9.6 | 14.8 ± 8.5 | 0.33 |
| Women | 34 (91.9) | 376 (91.3) | 0.90 |
| BioNTech vaccine | 23 (62.2) | 253 (61.4) | 0.93 |
| Clinical manifestations (prevalence) | |||
| Arthritis | 31 (83.8) | 264 (64.1) | 0.02 |
| Facial rash | 14 (37.8) | 199 (48.3) | 0.22 |
| Discoid rash | 10 (27.0) | 36 (8.7) | <0.001 |
| Mucosal ulceration | 8 (21.6) | 53 (12.9) | 0.14 |
| Photosensitivity | 10 (27.0) | 93 (22.6) | 0.54 |
| Raynaud’s phenomenon | 10 (27.0) | 70 (17.0) | 0.13 |
| Hemolytic anemia | 7 (18.9) | 88 (21.4) | 0.73 |
| Leukopenia (<4,000/mm3) | 13 (35.1) | 138 (33.5) | 0.84 |
| Thrombocytopenia (<100,000/mm3) | 4 (10.8) | 102 (24.8) | 0.07 |
| Lymphopenia (<1500/mm3) | 24 (64.9) | 242 (58.7) | 0.47 |
| Lymphadenopathy | 7 (18.9) | 70 (17.0) | 0.77 |
| *Neuropsychiatric | 1 (2.7) | 31 (7.5) | 0.50 |
| **Renal | 23 (62.2) | 204 (49.5) | 0.14 |
| Serositis | 10 (27.0) | 67 (16.3) | 0.10 |
| Myositis | 0 (0.0) | 6 (1.5) | 0.46 |
| Cutaneous vasculitis | 4 (10.8) | 56 (13.6) | 0.63 |
| Gastrointestinal | 2 (5.4) | 32 (7.8) | 0.60 |
SLE = systemic lupus erythematosus; SD = standard deviation.
*
those requiring immunosuppressive therapies (eg. psychosis, acute confusional state, neuropathy, mononeuritis multiplex, myelitis, myasthenia gravis).
**
according to American College of Rheumatology criteria for renal involvement.