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. 2022 Aug 22;38(35):10854–10866. doi: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01540

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Schematic representation of the SKPFM principle alongside the energy level diagram during the electrostatic interaction between a conductive AFM tip apex and (a) a monolayer or (b) multilayers of protein molecules on semiconductor oxide bulk materials at the atomic scale. The adsorbed protein molecules strongly influence the total surface potential difference.