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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Sep 13.
Published in final edited form as: Immunity. 2022 Aug 10:S1074-7613(22)00340-5. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.07.007

Figure 2. SPARC switches M2 macrophages to pro-inflammatory macrophages.

Figure 2.

(A) Schematic of BMDM experiments with SPARC treatment. (B, C) Q-PCR analysis for pro-inflammatory genes (Il1b, Tnf, and Nos2) (B) and M2 macrophage genes (Retnla, Chil3, and Socs2) (C) in M1 and M2 polarized BMDMs. (D) Luminex assay to detect pro-inflammatory cytokines in supernatants of SPARC treated M1 and M2 polarized BMDMs (n=4). N.D. is non-detected. (E) Schematic of peritoneal macrophage experiments with SPARC treatment. (F, G) Gene expression analysis by Q-PCR for pro-inflammatory genes (F) and M2 macrophage genes (G) in control and ex vivo SPARC treated peritoneal macrophages from thioglycollate (TG) or IL-4 complex injected (IL-4) mice (n=3, 4 each). All in vitro or ex vivo experiments were repeated independently at least twice. Error bars represent the mean ± S.E.M. Two-tailed paired t-tests were performed for statistical analysis. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001. Please also see Figure S1.