It has been brought to our attention that this article from the September 2017 issue of the European Respiratory Review was originally published with an error in table 4 in the PDF version only (the table was correct in the full text version online). The recommendation referring to nintedanib, pirfenidone and avoidance of the combination of prednisone and azathioprine were misaligned. The corrected table is presented below, and the original article has been corrected and republished online.
TABLE 4.
Possible preventive and therapeutic measures in acute exacerbations of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (AE-IPF)
| Prevention | Recommendation |
| •Influenza and pneumococcal vaccination | + |
| •Hand washing, avoidance of sick contacts | + |
| •Approaches to minimise gastro-oesophageal reflex | +/− |
| •Avoidance of airborne irritants and pollutants | + |
| •When mechanical ventilation is required, strategies to minimise ventilator-induced lung injury | +/− |
| Low tidal volume ventilation | |
| Noninvasive ventilation | |
| High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy | |
| •Nintedanib | +/− |
| •Pirfenidone | −/+ |
| •Avoidance of the combination of prednisone and azathioprine | + |
| Therapeutics | Recommendation |
| Ventilation • Low tidal volume ventilation • Noninvasive ventilation • High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy Pharmacology • Corticosteroid • Empiric antibiotics • Immunosuppressant# • Thrombomodulin Lung transplantation Others • Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation • Polymixin B haemoperfusion • Rituximab, plasma exchange, intravenous immunoglobulin • Non-steroid approach¶ |
+ + +/− + +/− −/+ −/+ +/− −§ −/+ − − |
+: Would consider using in most patients as potential benefit seems to outweigh potential harm; +/−: would consider using in selected patients as the balance of benefit and risk varies by clinical situation; −/+: would not consider using in majority of patients as the balance of benefit and risk varies by clinical situation; −: would not consider using in most patients as evidence is lacking to support a clinical benefit. #: Cyclophosphamide, cyclosporine, tacrolimus. ¶: Immediate cessation of immunosuppression (if any), best supportive care, broad-spectrum antimicrobials. §: Would consider as a bridge to lung transplantation.