Table 2.
GV parameters in the first, second, and third trimester of pregnancy. GV parameters are shown for the whole cohort and separately for the LGA and no-LGA group. The data are presented as median and interquartile range and the difference in GV parameters between the LGA and no-LGA group was tested with the Mann–Whitney U test (p-value). Statistically significant results are bolded.
| GV Parameters | Total | LGA | no-LGA | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| First trimester | ||||
| %CV | 40.5 (35.9–44.8) | 39.0 (37.2–42.6) | 42.3 (34.3–45.9) | 0.71 |
| SD | 2.7 (2.3–3.2) | 3.0 (2.6–3.3) | 2.5 (2.2–3.1) | 0.01 |
| CONGA | 5.1 (4.2–5.5) | 5.5 (5.1–6.5) | 4.6 (4.1–5.3) | <0.01 |
| LI | 12.1 (8.8–17.3) | 14.9 (11.0–19.3) | 10.4 (8.1–16.1) | 0.02 |
| MAG | 6.3 (5.5–7.2) | 6.9 (6.1–8.0) | 6.2 (5.4–7.0) | 0.11 |
| MODD | 2.7 (2.4–3.5) | 3.1 (2.6–3.7) | 2.5 (2.2–3.4) | 0.01 |
| HBGI | 5.2 (3.9–7.8) | 7.1 (5.2–9.8) | 4.6 (3.6–6.8) | <0.01 |
| LBGI | 6.5 (4.5–9.1) | 5.0 (4.0–7.6) | 7.9 (4.7–9.2) | 0.11 |
| ADRR | 23.5 (18.0–31.4) | 28.4 (23.5–38.5) | 21.6 (16.3–30.0) | <0.01 |
| M-value | 11.3 (7.3–16.1) | 9.5 (7.5–16.3) | 13.3 (6.4–16.3) | 0.77 |
| J-index | 29.8 (22.9–39.0) | 36.3 (30.1–47.6) | 26.5 (20.7–35.5) | <0.01 |
| Second trimester | ||||
| %CV | 37.9 (34.7–43.0) | 37.5 (36.0–40.0) | 38.9 (33.1–43.4) | 0.69 |
| SD | 2.3 (2.0–2.8) | 2.5 (2.2–2.8) | 2.2 (1.8–2.8) | 0.23 |
| CONGA | 4.6 (4.2–5.3) | 4.7(4.3–5.3) | 4.5 (3.8–5.3) | 0.35 |
| LI | 8.4 (6.3–12.6) | 9.3 (7.9–12.8) | 7.9 (6.0–12.2) | 0.21 |
| MAG | 5.5 (4.8–6.2) | 5.6 (5.0–6.4) | 5.2 (4.5–6.2) | 0.33 |
| MODD | 2.4 (2.1–3.1) | 2.6 (2.3–3.1) | 2.3 (2.0–3.1) | 0.22 |
| HBGI | 3.9 (2.7–5.9) | 4.2 (3.1–6.3) | 3.5 (2.5–5.4) | 0.31 |
| LBGI | 6.4 (4.4–9.4) | 6.0 (4.6–7.9) | 7.0 (4.2–9.8) | 0.69 |
| ADRR | 18.2 (13.3–26.2) | 20.2 (14.0–27.0) | 17.4 (11.7–23.2) | 0.26 |
| M-value | 9.5 (6.4–14.8) | 8.4 (7.1–11.4) | 10.7 (5.4–17.6) | 0.51 |
| J-index | 24.1 (18.6–33.3) | 24.5 (21.3–34.3) | 23.6 (16.6–31.4) | 0.18 |
| Third trimester | ||||
| %CV | 33.2 (29.5–38.3) | 32.5 (29.4–35.7) | 34.1 (29.5–39.7) | 0.50 |
| SD | 2.1 (1.7–2.5) | 2.1 (1.9–2.6) | 2.0 (1.6–2.4) | 0.26 |
| CONGA | 4.7 (4.3–5.4) | 5.1 (4.4–5.8) | 4.5 (4.1–5.4) | 0.04 |
| LI | 7.0 (4.7–8.9) | 8.2 (6.5–10.7) | 5.9 (4.3–8.8) | 0.81 |
| MAG | 4.6 (4.0–5.3) | 4.8 (4.5–5.3) | 4.4 (3.7–5.1) | 0.11 |
| MODD | 2.1 (1.8–2.6) | 2.3 (2.1–2.8) | 2.0 (1.7–2.5) | 0.06 |
| HBGI | 3.4 (2.2–4.9) | 3.4 (2.9–6.0) | 3.3 (1.8–4.6) | 0.19 |
| LBGI | 4.4 (3.1–7.4) | 4.2 (3.0–5.1) | 5.0 (3.2–8.8) | 0.14 |
| ADRR | 15.2 (11.0–19.9) | 17.3 (13.9–24.1) | 12.3 (7.8–19.8) | 0.04 |
| M-value | 6.5 (4.5–11.1) | 6.1 (4.4–9.0) | 8.1 (4.4–15.9) | 0.12 |
| J-index | 24.0 (17.8–29.3) | 25.8 (21.3–33.9) | 21.1 (17.0–27.4) | 0.04 |
Legend: GV (glycemic variability), LGA (large-for-gestational-age neonates), no-LGA (pregnancies without LGA outcome), %CV (percentage coefficient of variation), SD (standard deviation), CONGA (continuous overlapping net glycemic action), LI (lability index), MAG (mean absolute glucose), MODD (mean of daily differences), LBGI (low blood glucose index), HBGI (high blood glucose index), ADRR (average daily risk range).