Table 9.
General information and characteristics of candidiasis described for Candida bracarensis and Candida intermedia.
| Invasive/Noninvasive Candidiasis (n Human/Cases/Isolate) |
Identification Methods |
Imaging Test |
Antifungal Susceptibility |
Antifungal Resistance |
Antifungal Treatment | Other Treatments(e.g., Probiotics, Natural Compounds, Antivirals, etc) | Outcome (n) |
Reference (s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Candida bracarensis | ||||||||
| (noninvasive) Vulvovaginal candidiasis (n = 1) |
API Candida system; ITS1 region and the 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene; sequencing | Microscopy (Germ tube test, chlamydospore test) |
Susceptible to nystatin and azoles (fluconazole, itraconazole, miconazole, clotrimazole) | NR | NR | NR | NR | [152] |
| (invasive) Peripheral neuropathy in type 1 diabetes (patient’s stool positive for C. bracarensis) (n = 1) |
CHROMagar Candida; multiplex PCR; sequencing; MALDI-TOF MS analysis | NR | Amphotericin B, flucytosine, fluconazole, voriconazole, anidulafungin and caspofungin | Itraconazole (MIC ≥ 32 mg/L), posaconazole (MIC ≥ 32 mg/L) | NR | NR | NR | [161] |
| Candida intermedia | ||||||||
| (invasive) Candidemia (with diabetes bloody sputum, fever, and dyspnea) (n = 1) |
API ID32C; molecular identification - D1/D2 domain of the large-subunit 26S rRNA gene | NR | Amphotericin B, flucytosine, fluconazole, itraconazole, miconazole, micafungin | NR | Several antifungals |
Antibiotic treatment, mechanical ventilation, steroid therapy | Alive, discharged on the 34th hospital day (n = 1) |
[165] |
MIC: Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations; NA: Not applicable, because the research is performed on fungal strains/clinical isolates; NR: Not reported; MALDI-TOF MS: matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry; ITS: internal transcribed spacer.