Table 2.
Characteristic of the COPD cohort, stratified according to hemodynamic severity
| All patients (n = 147) | NoPH (n = 22) | BLPH (n = 16) | MPH (n = 45) | SPH (n = 64) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 63 (57–70) | 62 (55–65) | 62 (57–72) | 60 (55–66) | 68 (60–74)† |
| Male gender, n (%) | 106 (72) | 12 (55) | 10 (63) | 34 (76) | 50 (78) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 25 (22–28) | 21 (21–25) | 24 (22–25) | 26 (22–29) | 25 (22–29)* |
| Smoking status | |||||
| Current smokers, n (%) | 12 (10) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 8 (18) | 4 (6) |
| Ex-smokers, n (%) | 98 (83) | 15 (68) | 14 (88) | 24 (53) | 45 (70) |
| Pack-years smoking | 40 (30–70) | 35 (29–40) | 27 (13–35) | 60 (40–80)# | 80 (65–105)*, # |
| FEV1, % pred | 34 (22–63) | 25 (20–37) | 32 (22–36) | 29 (19–40) | 62 (39–74)*,#, † |
| FVC, % pred | 69 (50–86) | 60 (45–72) | 69 (54–82) | 55 (46–78) | 82 (60–91)*,† |
| FEV1/FVC, % | 44 (33–59) | 35 (31–47) | 32 (27–44) | 38 (31–50) | 59 (50–62)*,#, † |
| TLC, % pred | 106 (91–119) | 100 (83–116) | 112 (97–128) | 116 (93–137) | 100 (89–109)† |
| DLCO, % pred | 26 (17–39) | 24 (15–30) | 22 (10–41) | 30 (22–45) | 25 (16–29) |
| PaO2, mm Hg | 61 (51–72) | 70 (64–77) | 70 (60–77) | 65 (57–76) | 51 (46–61)*,#,† |
| 6MWD, meters | 279 (206–374) | 240 (168–359) | 337 (240–377) | 334 (240–410) | 276 (177–357) |
| sPAP, mm Hg | 46 (35–68) | 30 (26–32) | 33 (31–35) | 40 (37–47)*, # | 71 (61–81)*,#,† |
| dPAP, mm Hg | 21 (16–28) | 15 (12–15) | 15 (12–16) | 19 (17–21)*,# | 29 (25–34)*,#,† |
| mPAP, mm Hg | 32 (24–42) | 21 (18–22) | 23 (22–24) | 28 (26–32)*,# | 43 (38–52)*,#,† |
| Cardiac output, L/min | 4.40 (3.60–5.10) | 5.15 (4.50–5.85) | 4.05 (3.83–4.58)* | 4.50 (4.00–5.25) | 3.85 (3.03–4.60)*,† |
| CI, L/min/m | 2.50 (2.00–3.00) | 3.05 (2.80–3.55) | 2.30 (2.15–2.68)* | 2.60 (2.30–3.00) | 2.15 (1.70–2.70)*,† |
| PAWP, mm Hg | 10 (8–11) | 10 (9–11) | 9 (7–11) | 9 (7–12) | 10 (7–12) |
| PVR, dyn·s·cm·2 | 4.9 (3.4–8.0) | 1.8 (1.5–2.3) | 3.4 (3.0–3.7) | 4.3 (3.6–5.0)* | 8.3 (6.3–11.6)*,#,† |
| RAP, mm Hg | 6 (4–9) | 5 (5–7) | 5 (4–6) | 6 (3–8) | 7 (5–11) |
| LVEF, % | 60 (60–65) | 61 (60–65) | 60 (53–60) | 60 (53–61) | 60 (60-60) |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 18 (19) | 2 (9) | 0 (0) | 3 (7) | 13 (20) |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 20 (21) | 1 (5) | 0 (0) | 3 (7) | 16 (25)*,#,† |
| Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 20 (21) | 1 (6) | 2 (20) | 3 (10) | 14 (32)*,#,† |
| Pulmonary vasodilators, n (%) | 38 (26) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (4) | 36 (56)*,#,† |
Results expressed in median (percentile 25–percentile 75). NoPH, group of patients without pulmonary hypertension; BLPH, borderline pulmonary hypertension group; PH, pulmonary hypertension group; SPH, severe hypertension group; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC, forced vital capacity; TLC, total lung capacity; RV, residual volume; DLCO, diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide; PaO2, arterial partial oxygen pressure; 6MWD, 6-min walking distance test; sPAP, systolic pulmonary artery pressure; dPAP, diastolic pulmonary artery pressure; mPAP, mean pulmonary artery pressure; PAWP, pulmonary artery wedge pressure; PVR, pulmonary vascular resistance; RAP, right atrial pressure; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction.
p < 0.05 compared to the NoPH group.
p < 0.05 compared to the BLPH group.
p < 0.05 compared to the MPH group.