Table 5.

ORs adjusted for maternal smoking during pregnancy, child’s sex of high (≥P75) specific pesticide exposures and childhood allergic outcomes during last 12 months unless indicated elsewise, ISA study at 5 years of age, Matina County, Costa Rica 2015–2016

	Current nasal allergies (allergic rhinitis) (n=63)		Current itchy rash (atopic eczema) (n=39)		Ever doctor-diagnosed eczema (n=21)
	OR†	95% CI	OR†	95% CI	OR†	95% CI
Prenatal metabolites* (n=303)
TCP	0.49	0.22 to 0.98	0.79	0.33 to 1.74	0.68	0.19 to 1.91
ETU	0.74	0.36 to 1.42	0.66	0.26 to 1.51	0.68	0.19 to 1.91
OHP	1.39	0.74 to 2.54	1.03	0.45 to 2.21	2.39	0.94 to 5.9
OHT	0.64	0.31 to 1.25	1.37	0.63 to 2.86	0.94	0.3 to 2.49
2,4-D	1.36	0.72 to 2.51	1.22	0.55 to 2.56	0.95	0.3 to 2.54
3PBA	1.24	0.65 to 2.28	0.53	0.2 to 1.22	1.56	0.57 to 3.93
DCCA	1.01	0.52 to 1.89	1.13	0.5 to 2.38	1.21	0.42 to 3.12
∑ Pyrethroid†	1.01	0.52 to 1.88	0.8	0.33 to 1.76	1.57	0.57 to 3.97
Child metabolites* (n=293)
TCP	0.96	0.48 to 1.8	0.58	0.22 to 1.33	0.92	0.29 to 2.44
ETU	0.51	0.23 to 1.04	1.37	0.63 to 2.86	0.29	0.05 to 1.05
OHP	1.32	0.69 to 2.44	1.24	0.55 to 2.62	0.68	0.19 to 1.92
OHT	1.19	0.62 to 2.21	1.56	0.73 to 3.24	0.29	0.05 to 1.04
2,4-D	1.19	0.62 to 2.21	1.16	0.52 to 2.45	1.24	0.43 to 3.21
3PBA	0.85	0.42 to 1.63	2.58	1.25 to 5.27	1.23	0.42 to 3.18
DCCA	0.76	0.37 to 1.46	2.08	0.99 to 4.27	1.19	0.41 to 3.06
∑ Pyrethroid†	0.85	0.43 to 1.63	2.74	1.33 to 5.6	1.55	0.57 to 3.89

*Variables dichotomised at 75th percentile; reference: below 75th percentile

†∑ Pyrethroid: sum of PBA and DCCA.

2,4-D, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid; ETU, ethylenethiourea; ISA, Infants’ Environmental Health Study; OHP, hydroxypyrimethanil; OHT, 5-hydroxythiabendazole; 3-PBA, 3-phenoxybenzoic acid; 3-PBA, 3-phenoxybenzoic acid, DCCA: 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid; TCP, 3,5,6 trichloro-2-pyridinol.