SESSION TITLE: Signs and Symptoms of Chest Disease Case Report Posters
SESSION TYPE: Case Report Posters
PRESENTED ON: 10/19/2022 12:45 pm - 01:45 pm
INTRODUCTION: Vaping products have been rapidly gaining popularity, with studies showing increasing use, even among school-going children and adolescents. E-cigarette or Vaping Associated Lung Injury (EVALI) is defined as respiratory failure within 90 days of e-cigarette use with pulmonary infiltrates on imaging, in the absence of infectious or alternative causes of respiratory failure.[1] Vitamin E acetate, a thickening agent in THC containing e-cigarettes, is thought to be the main causative agent of EVALI and has been found in the bronchoalveolar lavage samples in almost all cases of EVALI.[2] However, diagnosing EVALI in this era of COVID -19 is a challenge due to striking similarities in clinical symptoms and imaging findings.
CASE PRESENTATION: A 32-year-old male with anxiety and polysubstance abuse, presented with headache, cough, low-grade fevers and chills of 1 week. In the ED, he was febrile to 102 F and hypoxic to 89% on room air and was started on 3 liters of oxygen. Labs showed leukocytosis and elevated inflammatory markers. Urine toxicology was positive for THC. Chest X-ray showed bilateral interstitial opacities. CT angio of the chest showed bilateral ground glass opacities. Despite 2 negative PCR tests, suspicion for COVID was high and the patient was initially started on dexamethasone and other supplements, along with antibiotic coverage for a possible bacterial etiology. Despite this, respiratory symptoms and hypoxia continued to worsen. Infectious work up including blood, sputum cultures with AFB staining, urine streptococcus and legionella tested negative. The patient however now revealed the regular use of THC containing vape and procuring the THC oil from a new street vendor. This prompted us to suspect vaping induced chemical pneumonitis. He was restarted on steroid therapy with methylprednisolone and within 1 week, had symptomatic improvement and resolution of hypoxia. The patient was eventually discharged on prednisone taper over 7-10 days.
DISCUSSION: Our patient was initially treated for COVID pneumonia despite repeated negative PCR tests, as findings were suggestive of SARS-COV-2 infection. Fortunately, the patient eventually revealed about regular use of THC-oil vapes, making us consider a diagnosis of vaping induced chemical pneumonitis. The mainstay of treatment is steroid therapy and cessation of e-cigarette use. The severity of the pandemic has led to a low threshold for suspecting COVID, causing increased anchoring and availability bias, and potentially under-diagnosing conditions like EVALI which resemble COVID infection.[3]
CONCLUSIONS: While it is important to have a low threshold for suspecting COVID-19, considering other mimics of COVID is prudent for providing treatment in an appropriate and timely manner. Detailed inquiry of e-cigarette use, particularly THC-oil containing vapes, duration of use and source of procurement, goes a long way in diagnosing of EVALI.
Reference #1: EVALI and the Pulmonary Toxicity of Electronic Cigarettes: A Review
Lydia Winnicka, MD and Mangalore Amith Shenoy, MD
PMCID: PMC7351931
PMID: 32246394
Reference #2: Clinical presentation, treatment, and short-term outcomes of lung injury associated with e-cigarettes or vaping: a prospective observational cohort study
Denitza P Blagev 1, Dixie Harris 2, Angela C Dunn 3, David W Guidry 2, Colin K Grissom 4, Michael J Lanspa 5
PMID: 31711629 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32679-0
Reference #3: EVALI: A Mimicker of COVID-19
Mitchell M. Pitlick, MD,a Daenielle K. Lang, MD,a Anne M. Meehan, MBBCh, PhD,b and Christopher P. McCoy, MDb,
PMCID: PMC8006188
PMID: 33817560
DISCLOSURES: No relevant relationships by Kaushik Darbha
No relevant relationships by Rashmikant Doshi
No relevant relationships by Ishan Sahu
No relevant relationships by sara samad