Figure 4.
Interactions between glucose and protein metabolism and lipid metabolism in chondrocytes. AGEs: advanced glycation end products, ROS: reactive oxygen species, PAF: platelet-activating factor. AGEs, ROS, PAF, and eicosanoids are implicated in the inflammatory process of osteoarthritis, and their levels rise as OA progresses. (Figure was created with Biorender.com and accessed 20 September 2022.)