Table 4.
Sample | Dose | Study Type | Experimental Model | Main Effect | Possible Compound Responsible for the Effect | Mechanism of Action | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
sesame seeds | 1, 5, or 10 µM | in vitro | human neuroblastoma cell | antioxidant activity | sesamin and sesamol | ROS ↓, CAT and SOD ↑; BAX ↓; BCL-2 ↑ |
[102] |
sesame seeds | 100 mg/kg | in vivo | Cardiac hypertrophy mouse models | antioxidant activity | Sesamin | ROS ↓ | [103] |
sesame seeds | in vivo | male Golden Syrian hamsters | Cholesterol-lowering and lipiD-regulating activity | Sesamin | CYP7A1 ↑; HMG-CoA, LXRα ↓ | [104] | |
sesame seeds | 100 mL/kg | in vivo | male Sprague Dawley rats | protects liver and kidney activity | Sesamin | SOD, GSH-Px ↑; IL-6, COX-2 ↓; NF-κB ↓ | [100] |
sesame seeds | 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg | in vivo | adult male Sprague Dawley rats | protects liver and kidney activity | Sesamin | ALT, AST, ALP, urea nitrogen and creatinine ↓; SOD, CAT and GPX ↑ | [101] |
sesame seeds | 25, 50, or 100 mg/kg | in vivo | LPS-induced mouse model of AKI | protects liver and kidney activity | Sesamin | urea nitrogen and creatinine ↓; NF-κB, TLR4, COX2, TNF α, Nrf2 ↓ | [105] |
sesame seeds | in vivo | health juvenile carp | protects liver and kidney activity | Sesamin | ROS ↓; Bcl-2 ↑ | [106] | |
aqueous extract of sesame oil | 0.5, 5 and 50 ng/mL | in vitro | THP-1 monocytes, RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages | anti-inflammatory activity | methoxyphenol derivatives | LPS ↓ | [107] |
sesame oil | in vivo | male Wistar rats | anti-inflammatory activity | sesamol and sesamin | IL-1β, TNF-α and MCP-1 ↓ | [108] | |
sesame seeds | 0.25, 0.5 or 1 μM | in vitro | primary human synovial fibroblast cells and SW982 as synovitis models induced by TNF-α | anti-inflammatory activity | sesamin | TNF-α ↓ | [109] |
sesame seeds | 10 and 25 μM | in vitro | mouse macrophage-like J774.1 cells | anti-inflammatory activity | sesamin and the metabolites | NO ↓ | [110] |
sesame seed oil | in vivo | male Sprague Dawley rats with chemically induced diabetes. | hypoglycemic activity | fat-soluble lignans, sesamin, sesamolin, and γ-tocopherol | [111] | ||
sesame oil | clinical trials | type 2 diabetes mellitus patients | hypoglycemic activity | sesamin | [112] | ||
sesame oil | 0.5 or 1 mL/kg | in vivo | male specific-pathogen-free Sprague Dawley rats | protects cardiovascular system activity | sesamin and vitamin E | c-Fos, c-Jun mRNA ↓ | [113] |
200 mg/day sesamin supplement | clinical trial | women with rheumatoid arthritis | protects cardiovascular system activity | sesamin | [114] | ||
sesame seeds | 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight | in vivo | male Sprague Dawley rats with type 1 DM | protects cardiovascular system activity | sesamin | cardiac hypertrophy pathways are modulated by sesamin treatment. | [115] |
sesame seeds | 1.75–28 μM | in vitro | osteoclast | Inhibition of osteoclast differentiation | sesamin | sesamin is involved in the inhibition of ERK activation | [116] |
sesame oil | 100 mg/kg | in vitro and in vivo | HEI-OC1 cells, zebrafish, and noise-induced hearing loss mice | hearing protection | sesamin | [117] |