1School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
2Department of Urban Planning and Design, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
3Urban Systems Institute, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
4Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
5Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
6Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
7Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain-inspired Intelligent Computation, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
8Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
9School of Water Conservancy, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, 450046 Zhengzhou, China
10EIT Institute for Advanced Study, Ningbo, China
11Institute for Climate and Carbon Neutrality, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
12Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria Australia
© The Author(s) 2022
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.