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. 2022 Sep 21;10(10):2346. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10102346

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Study workflow for the discovery and validation of biomarkers representative of antibody-mediated rejection. LC-MS/MS, label-free liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry; ABMR, antibody-mediated rejection; TCMR, T-cell-mediated rejection; NOMOA, no major abnormality; BKVN, BK virus nephropathy; FC, fold change. WB, Western blot analysis; IHC, Immunohistochemistry; ELISA, Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; LBP, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein; CST3, Cystatin-C; KEGG, GO, Gene Ontology; Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes.