Most vesicles are released during the growth of the bacteria within the first 24 h of culture. (A) Schematic representation of the MV quantification protocol. After several steps of centrifugation, filtration, concentration, and ultracentrifugation, the MVs are stained with DiI before being loaded on the iodixanol density gradient. (B) After 6, 12, 18 and 24 h of growth, the amount of purified DiI-labeled MVs collected from the growth medium were compared. The left and the top right images show the fluorescence intensity of the DiI-labeled MV fractions collected at each time point and the corresponding gradients, respectively. The graph shows for each time point the relative amount of fluorescence emitted by the DiI-labeled MVs collected and the OD600nm of the bacterial culture.