Table 1.
List of endophytes associated with defense against various plant pathogens.
| Endophyte | Host Plant | Pathogen | Target Pathway | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bacillus spp. | Oryza sativa | Pyricularia oryzae | Induce systemic resistance | [50] |
| Rhizobium etli | Phaseolus vulgaris | Pseudomonas syringae pv.phaseolicola | Callose deposition, SA, and JA-dependent gene induction | [50] |
| Bacillus spp. | Nicotiana tabacum | Pseudomonas syringae pv.tobaco | Induce systemic resistance | [50] |
| Paenibacillus | Triticum aestivum | Mycosphaerella graminicola | Defense pathway | [51] |
| Bacillus spp. | Oryza sativa | Pyricularia oryzae | Antioxidant defense activities | [52] |
| Phomopis cassiae | Cassia spectabilis | Cladosporium sphaerospermum | unknown | [53] |
| Streptomyces strain, DEF09 | Triticum aestivum | Fusarium graminearum | Chitinase production | [54] |
| Daldinia eschscholtzii | Helianthus tuberosus, Zingiber officinale, Stemona tuberosa | Colletotrichum acutatum, Sclerotium rolfsii | Production of antimicrobial compounds | [55] |
| Paraburkholderia | Beta vulgaris | Rhizoctonia solani | Systemic acquired resistance | [56] |
| Penicillium citrinum | Helianthus annus L | Sclerotium rolfsii | SA, JA pathway | [34] |
| Fusarium solani | Solanum lycopersicum | Septoria lycopersici | SA-dependent PR gene pathway | [35] |
| Paenibacillus sp. strain B2 | Triticum aestivum | Zymoseptoria tritici | Induce flavonoid and phytohormonal pathways | [57] |
| Paraconiothyrium sp. | Fraxinus excelsior | Hymenoscyphus fraxineus | Unknown | [58] |
| Cladosporium spp. | Pinus monticola | Cronartium Ribicola | Induced resistance | [59] |
| Venturia fraxini | Fraxinus excelsior | Hymenoscyphus fraxineus | Production of antifungal compounds | [60] |
| Flavobacterium | Beta vulgaris | Rhizoctonia solani | Chitinase, nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs), and polyketide synthases (PKSc) | [61] |
| Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus | Arabidopsis thaliana | Ralstonia solanacearum | Callose deposition | [62] |
| Piriformospora indica | A. thaliana | Golovinomyces orontii | JA-dependent defense pathway | [63] |
| Pseudomonas simiae | A. thaliana | Mamestra brassicae | JA and ET | [64] |
| Bacillus pumilus strain | A. thaliana | Cucumber mosaic virus | Ethylene pathway | [65] |
| Bacillus subtilis | A. thaliana | P. syringae pv. Tomato DC3000 | SA, ET pathway | [66] |
| Bacillus aryabhattai | Nicotiana tabacum, A. thaliana | Botrytus cinerea | SA, JA | [67] |