Table 1.
Salmonella strains in therapeutic application in cancer.
| Bacteria (Strain) | Strategy/Gene of Interest | Tumor Model | Results/Mode of Action | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| S. Typhimurium VNP20009 TAPET-CD | Cytosine deaminase expression from E. coli that converts non-toxic 5-fluorocytosine to the active anti-tumor agent 5-fluorouracil | Mice colon tumors | Mice treated with 5-FC inhibited tumor growth by 88−96% compared to TAPET-CD alone, which inhibited tumor growth by 38−79% | [55] |
| S. Typhimurium VNP20009 | Carboxypeptidase G2 (CPG2) | Murine models of breast and colon cancer | Prodrug-based suicide gene therapy | [56] |
| S. Typhimurium VNP20009 | msbB and purI mutations | melanomas | Attenuated strain preferentially accumulates in tumors and is rapidly cleared from other organs | [32] |
| S. Typhimurium | Deletion of ppGpp | CT26 tumor | Tumor suppression via IL-1β. | [50] |
| S. Typhimurium A1-R | leucine-arginine auxotroph | Pancreatic cancer orthotopic mouse model | Promotes CD8+ T cell infiltration and arrests tumor growth and metastasis. | [57] |
| S. Typhimurium A1-R | Combination with recombinant methioninase or doxorubin or temozolomide | Osteosarcoma, sarcoma, melanoma | Eradicate osteosarcoma and soft tissue sarcoma; regresses malignant melanoma | [58,59,60] |
| S. Typhimurium A1-R | Combination with temozolomide or vemurafenib | Melanoma in patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model | Combinatorial anti-tumor effect and drugs promoted targeting of S. Typhimurium A1-R | [61] |
| S. Typhimurium (ST2514P3) | Tryptophan auxotroph (trpA trpE deletion) | Breast cancer (4T1) | Suppressed the primary tumor growth and pulmonary metastasis | [13] |
| S. Typhimurium | Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 |
Lewis lung carcinoma | Tumor suppression and inhibition of pulmonary metastasis | [62] |
| S. Typhimurium VNP20009 | TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) | Mammary tumor, melanoma | Caspase-3-mediated apoptosis in cancer cells | [54,63] |
| S. Typhimurium | Fas ligand (FasL) | breast carcinoma and CT-26 colon carcinoma cells | Tumor growth inhibition by 59% for breast tumors and 82% for colon carcinoma | [53] |
| S. Typhimurium | shRNA- expressing vectors targeting bcl2 | Melanoma | Delayed tumor growth and prolonged survival | [64] |
| S. Typhimurium | Cytotoxic protein (HlyE) | Mammary tumor | Increased tumor necrosis and reduced tumor growth | [65] |
| S. Typhimurium msbB- and purI- | IL-18 | Lewis lung carcinoma | Inhibit the growth of primary subcutaneous tumors and pulmonary metastases | [66] |
| S. Typhimurium | Herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV TK) | Melanoma | Suppressed tumor growth and a prolonged average survival | [15] |