Table 1.
Major components of the leaf essential oils of Callicarpa, Premna, Vitex and Karomia species from Vietnam.
| Essential Oil | Major Components of the Essential Oils | Classification |
|---|---|---|
|
Callicarpa candicans (Nghe An) [27] |
Atractylone (37.7%), (E)-β-caryophyllene (19.0%), β-selinene (6.2%). | Ses: 95% (hydro: 49%; oxy: 46%) |
|
Callicarpa candicans (Da Nang) [27] |
Atractylone (42.4%), (E)-β-caryophyllene (15.3%), curzerene (5.3%), germacrene B (5.1%), β-selinene (4.5%). | Ses: 92.2% (hydro: 40.7%; oxy: 51.5%) |
|
Callicarpa candicans (Quang Nam) [27] |
Caryophyllene oxide (13.4%), (E)-β-caryophyllene (7.1%), β-selinene (5.7%). | Ses: 52.5% (hydro: 22.6%; oxy: 29.9%) compared with 59.7% of the identified compounds. |
| Callicarpa longifolia [27] | trans-β-Guaiene (22.2%), (E)-β-caryophyllene (11.8%), selin-11-en-4α-ol (8.0%), 1(10),11-eremophiladien-9-one (6.7%). | Ses: 92.4% (hydro: 63.0%; oxy: 29.4%). |
| Callicarpa sinuate [27] | α-Humulene (24.8%), α-copaene (12.6%), humulene epoxide II (6.7%), spathulenol (5.9%). | Ses: 91.6% (hydro: 67.5%; oxy: 24.1%). |
| Callicarpa petelotii [27] | α-Humulene (53.8%), α-selinene (12.8%), humulene epoxide II (8.1%). | Ses: 91.0% (hydro: 74.7%; oxy: 16.3%). |
|
Callicarpa rubella (Tay Giang) [27] |
(E)-Caryophyllene (18.0%), α-cubebene (17.4%). | Ses: 87.5% (hydro: 78.5%; oxy: 9.0%). |
| Callicarpa nudiflora [27] | β-Pinene (34.2%), caryophyllene oxide (20.1%), α-pinene (8.1%), myrtenal (6.8%). | Mono: 62.1% (hydro: 47.5%; oxy: 14.6%); ses: 32.8% (hydro: 5.7%, oxy: 27.1%). |
| Callicarpa erioclona * | Atractylone (34.6%), (E)-β-caryophyllene (11.1%), caryophyllene oxide (5.9%), β-selinene (5.1%). | Ses: 75.4% (hydro: 32.1%; oxy: 43.3%) compared with 79.6% of the identified compounds. |
|
Callicarpa macrophylla (Pu Mat) * |
(E)-Caryophyllene (25.2%), caryophyllene oxide (6.4%). | Ses: 73.9% (hydro: 62.0%; oxy: 11.9%). |
| Prmena cambodiana [28] | α-Copaene (23.3%), (E)-caryophyllene (12.8%), α-gurjunene (11.3%), δ-cadinene (5.5%). | Ses: 88.4% (hydro: 76.1%; oxy: 12.3%). |
| Prmena corymbosa [28] | allo-Aromadendrene (39.7%), (E)-caryophyllene (13.3%), α-copaene (8.1%). | Ses: 93.6% (hydro: 85.4%; oxy: 8.2%). |
| Vitex ajugifolia [29] | α-Copaene (17.0%), (E)-β-caryophyllene (11.7%), α-humulene (9.6%), spathulenol (8.7%). | Ses: 97.8% (hydro: 68.2%; oxy: 29.6%). |
| Vitex trifolia subsp. litoralis [29] | α-Pinene (18.7%), sabinene (15.2%), 1,8-cineole (14.5%), α-terpinyl acetate (12.7%). | Mono: 76.0% (hydro: 44.9%; oxy: 31.1%); ses: 1.6% (hydro: 1.1%, oxy: 0.5%). |
| Vitex pinnata [29] | (E)-β-Caryophyllene (32.7%), germacrene D (17.1%), bicyclogermacrene (11.1%). | Ses: 95.8% (hydro: 87.1%; oxy: 8.7%). |
| Vitex trifolia subsp. trifolia [29] | Sabinene (19.4%), 1,8-cineole (15.7%), (E)-β-caryophyllene (14.5%), α-pinene (11.7%), α-terpinyl acetate (8.3%). | Mono: 38.4% (hydro: 17.6%; oxy: 20.8%); ses: 39.2% (hydro: 31.5%, oxy: 7.7%). |
| Karomia fragrans * | (E)-Caryophyllene (26.5%), caryophyllene oxide (10.5%), α-humulene (10.1%), p-cymene (7.5%), δ-cadinene (5.2%). | Ses: 73.1% (hydro: 51.5%; oxy: 21.6%). |
*: These are/have been published elsewhere, and are included here for comparison purposes. Ses: Sesquiterpenoids. Mono: Monoterpenoids. Hydro: hydrocarbons. Oxy: Oxygenated. Nghe An, Da Nang, Quang Nam, Tay Giang, Pu Mat: plant material collected in Nghe An, Da Nang, Quang Nam, Tay Giang, Pu Mat.