Table 2.

Associations of handgrip strength with dementia, Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia in the KIHD prospective cohort

Handgrip strength (kPa)	Events/total	Model 1		Model 2
		HR (95% CI)	p-value	HR (95% CI)	p-value
Dementia
Per 1 SD increase	229/852	0.90 (0.77–1.06)	.20	0.94 (0.80–1.09)	.39
Tertile 1 (17–69)	84/286	1 [Reference]		1 [Reference]
Tertile 2 (70–81)	79/283	0.86 (0.63–1.17)	.33	0.93 (0.68–1.27)	.64
Tertile 3 (82–442)	66/283	0.73 (0.53–1.02)	.07	0.77 (0.55–1.07)	.12
Alzheimer’s disease
Per 1 SD increase	188/852	0.91 (0.76–1.08)	.28	0.94 (0.80–1.11)	.46
Tertile 1 (17–69)	68/286	1 [Reference]		1 [Reference]
Tertile 2 (70–81)	69/283	0.93 (0.67–1.31)	.69	1.00 (0.71–1.41)	.98
Tertile 3 (82–442)	51/283	0.72 (0.50–1.05)	.09	0.75 (0.52–1.10)	.14
Vascular dementia
Per 1 SD increase	22/852	0.58 (0.34–0.99)	.05	0.65 (0.38–1.12)	.12
Tertile 1 (17–69)	10/286	1 [Reference]		1 [Reference]
Tertile 2 (70–81)	7/283	0.62 (0.24–1.64)	.34	0.73 (0.27–1.97)	.54
Tertile 3 (82–442)	5/283	0.42 (0.14–1.24)	.12	0.49 (0.16–1.48)	.20

KIHD Kuopio Ischemic Heart Study, SD standard deviation

Model 1: Adjusted for age and sex

Model 2: Model 1 plus body mass index, smoking status, history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, history of hypertension, prevalent coronary heart disease, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, physical activity and high sensitivity C-reactive protein