Fig. B.2.

Visualizations of the information in the formula (B.5). Given N = 100 total samples, what is the optimal number to partition as trials? The answer depends strongly on the variability ratio R_v: for very low R_v, the optimal number of trials is relatively low; as R_v increases, T_opt approaches N∕2 (where T_opt = S_opt). The behavior is similar across correlation values, with ρ primarily affecting the rate at which T_opt reaches N∕2. The middle and right panels show how the optimal uncertainty σ_opt and minimal subject sample size $S_{\text{opt}}^{*}$ change as functions of R_v and ρ.