Figure 5.

Significant (adjusted p < 0.05) concentrations (ppm) of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) in headspace fecal samples of IBS-D patients before (T₀) and after (T₁) TBD and LFD. Data are expressed as mean (M) ± standard error of the mean (SEM). Statistical differences were obtained by the Kruskal–Wallis test and corrected by Dunn’s multiple Test. Different letters differ significantly (p < 0.05). Abbreviations: IBS-D, irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea; LFD, low-FODMAPs diet; TBD, tritordeum-based diet.