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. 2022 Nov 14;16(2):3231–3239. doi: 10.1007/s12274-022-5049-0

Relay-type sensing mode: A strategy to push the limit on nanomechanical sensor sensitivity based on the magneto lever

Depeng Rao 1,#, Tianhao Yan 1,#, Zihan Qiao 1, Yu Wang 1, Yongpei Peng 1, Han Tu 1, Shangquan Wu 1,✉, Qingchuan Zhang 1,✉
PMCID: PMC9661467  PMID: 36405983

Abstract

Ultrasensitive molecular detection and quantization are crucial for many applications including clinical diagnostics, functional proteomics, and drug discovery; however, conventional biochemical sensors cannot satisfy the stringent requirements, and this has resulted in a long-standing dilemma regarding sensitivity improvement. To this end, we have developed an ultrasensitive relay-type nanomechanical sensor based on a magneto lever. By establishing the link between very weak molecular interaction and five orders of magnitude larger magnetic force, analytes at ultratrace level can produce a clearly observable mechanical response. Initially, proof-of-concept studies showed an improved detection limit up to five orders of magnitude when employing the magneto lever, as compared with direct detection using probe alone. In this study, we subsequently demonstrated that the relay-type sensing mode was universal in application ranging from micromolecule to macromolecule detection, which can be easily extended to detect enzymes, DNA, proteins, cells, viruses, bacteria, chemicals, etc. Importantly, we found that, sensitivity was no longer subject to probe affinity when the magneto lever was sufficiently high, theoretically, even reaching single-molecule resolution.

graphic file with name 12274_2022_5049_Fig1_HTML.jpg

Electronic Supplementary Material

Supplementary material (experimental section) is available in the online version of this article at 10.1007/s12274-022-5049-0.

Keywords: relay-type sensing mode, magneto lever, nanomechanical sensor, ultrasensitivity

Electronic Supplementary Material

12274_2022_5049_MOESM1_ESM.pdf (2.1MB, pdf)

Relay-type sensing mode: A strategy to push the limit on nanomechanical sensor sensitivity based on the magneto lever

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 11627803, 12072339, and 32061160475) and USTC Research Funds of the Double First-Class Initiative (No. YD2480002003).

Footnotes

Depeng Rao and Tianhao Yan contributed equally to this work.

Contributor Information

Shangquan Wu, Email: wushq@ustc.edu.cn.

Qingchuan Zhang, Email: zhangqc@ustc.edu.cn.

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12274_2022_5049_MOESM1_ESM.pdf (2.1MB, pdf)

Relay-type sensing mode: A strategy to push the limit on nanomechanical sensor sensitivity based on the magneto lever

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