Table 4. Results of multivariable linear regression analysis for each GPAQ item score by patient characteristics.
Figures are differences (95% CI) in mean outcomes between each category and the reference category for each patient factor adjusted for remaining patient factors listed in the table (reference value was designated as zero for calculating differences). Estimates were made using a mixed-effects linear regression model, where GP was treated as a random effect and all other factors were treated as fixed effects. P-values summarize the strength of association between the GPAQ item and the patient characteristic. *: P < 0.05 (significant).
Diff: difference; GP: general practitioner; GPAQ: General Practice Assessment Questionnaire; Ref: reference category; CI: confidence interval
| Factors | General practitioner | Receptionists | Access to practice | Continuity of care | Communication | Nursing care | Practice overall | ||||||||||||||
| Diff | 95% CI | Difference | 95% CI | Diff | 95% CI | Diff | 95% CI | Diff | 95% CI | Diff | 95% CI | Diff | 95% CI | ||||||||
| Age in years | |||||||||||||||||||||
| <44 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||||||||||
| 45–64 | -2.0 | -9.7 | 5.6 | -3.7 | -22.3 | 14.9 | 6.2 | -9.0 | 21.4 | -2.7 | -18.0 | 12.7 | 11.2 | -6.4 | 28.9 | 12.1 | -2.3 | 26.4 | 6.2 | -1.6 | 14.0 |
| 65+ | -5.5 | -15.0 | 4.0 | -3.3 | -19.4 | 12.7 | 6.9 | -8.5 | 22.3 | -4.3 | -20.8 | 12.2 | 12.9 | -4.7 | 30.4 | 13.1 | -3.8 | 29.9 | 1.7 | -7.0 | 10.4 |
| P-value | 0.033* | 0.859 | 0.801 | 0.254 | 0.719 | 0.714 | 0.527 | ||||||||||||||
| Gender | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Male | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||||||||||
| Female | -3.2 | -6.5 | 0.2 | -1.7 | -7.8 | 4.4 | -2.7 | -8.4 | 3.0 | 2.3 | -3.8 | 8.3 | -6.8 | -13.3 | -0.3 | -7.9 | -13.9 | -1.8 | 2.5 | -0.6 | 5.6 |
| P-value | 0.175 | 0.485 | 0.635 | 0.471 | 0.001* | 0.001* | 0.106 | ||||||||||||||
| Chronic health problems | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Yes | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||||||||||
| No | 0.5 | -3.1 | 4.0 | -0.6 | -6.9 | 5.7 | -3.6 | -9.5 | 2.3 | 0.1 | -6.1 | 6.3 | -6.1 | -12.8 | 0.1 | -2.1 | -8.4 | 4.2 | 0.6 | -2.7 | 3.8 |
| P-value | 0.937 | 0.174 | 0.524 | 0.996 | 0.001* | 0.157 | 0.940 | ||||||||||||||
| Employment | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Unemployed/retired | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||||||||||
| Employed | 4.6 | 1.0 | 8.2 | 1.9 | -4.4 | 8.2 | 0.1 | -5.9 | 6.1 | -2.1 | -8.5 | 4.4 | 2.8 | -4.0 | 9.7 | 2.6 | -3.9 | 9.2 | -0.3 | -3.5 | 3.0 |
| P-value | 0.002* | 0.425 | 0.748 | 0.344 | 0.719 | 0.718 | 0.694 | ||||||||||||||