Table 2.

Safety outcomes in participants receiving early rhythm control or usual care

Outcome	Early rhythm-control (n=874)	Usual care (n=8817)	HR (95% CI)	P-value
Composite safety outcome	5.2	6.0	0.85 (0.74 to 0.98)	0.024
All-cause mortality	3.13	4.05	0.76 (0.64 to 0.90)	0.002
Stroke/TIA	0.96	1.04	0.90 (0.65 to 1.25)	0.533
Related to rhythm control therapy
Syncope	0.80	0.89	0.88 (0.62 to 1.25)	0.479
New-onset bradycardia	0.18	0.15	1.21 (0.57 to 2.57)	0.624
Non-fatal cardiac arrest	0.18	0.04	4.73 (1.90 to 11.78)	0.001
Blood pressure event	0.04	0.01	3.25 (0.59 to 17.77)	0.175
Cardiac device	1.35	1.39	0.96 (0.73 to 1.26)	0.748
Bleeding	0.18	0.23	0.75 (0.36 to 1.57)	0.448
Atrioventricular block	0.20	0.19	1.04 (0.51 to 2.10)	0.919
Propensity-score matching

Outcome	Early rhythm-control (n=868)	Usual care (n=868)	HR (95% CI)	P-value
Composite safety outcome	5.22	4.74	1.1 (0.90 to 1.34)	0.351
All-cause mortality	3.14	3.05	1.02 (0.80 to 1.31)	0.866
Stroke/TIA	0.95	1.09	0.87 (0.57 to 1.34)	0.533
Related to rhythm control therapy
Syncope	0.81	0.77	1.05 (0.64 to 1.72)	0.841
New-onset bradycardia	0.18	0.13	1.39 (0.45 to 4.24)	0.565
Non-fatal cardiac arrest	0.18	0.05	3.50 (0.74 to 16.49)	0.113
Blood pressure event	0.05	0.03	1.70 (0.15 to 18.78)	0.664
Cardiac device	1.36	1.15	1.19 (0.80 to 1.76)	0.394
Bleeding	0.18	0.16	1.15 (0.40 to 3.32)	0.795
Atrioventricular block	0.20	0.08	2.63 (0.71 to 9.72)	0.147

Event rates are reported as events per 100 patient years. Composite safety outcome defined as all-cause mortality, stroke/TIA and events related to rhythm control therapy.

TIA, transient ischaemic attack.