Past
Tumor recurrence and related death in esophageal cancer typically occurs soon after esophagectomy (within 1–3 years), and patients who survive > 5 years (30–45% of those who undergo surgery) may be considered cured.1 However, it is unknown if there are any differences in survival between esophageal cancer survivors and the background population. The overall survival in esophageal cancer survivors might be worse, e.g. due to risk factors and treatment sequelae, or better, e.g. due to patient selection, lifestyle changes, and symptom awareness.2
Present
The present population-based cohort study showed that the relative survival of the esophageal cancer survivors was initially similar to that of the background population, but decreased with longer follow-up.3 The relative survival decreased from 96.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] 94.3–97.9%) postoperative year 6 to 83.5% (95% CI 79.5–87.6%) postoperative year 10. The drop in relative survival was more pronounced in survivors of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus than those with adenocarcinoma, and in men than in women. The pattern was similar across age groups and comorbidity scores.3
Future
The results of this first study on the topic need to be confirmed in future studies; the underlying causes for the shorter life expectancy remain to be identified. Such research may lead to recommendations of lifestyle changes (e.g. regarding tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption) and more tailored follow-up of esophageal cancer survivors.
Funding
Open access funding provided by Karolinska Institute.
Disclosures
Ellinor Lundberg, Pernilla Lagergren, Fredrik Mattsson, and Jesper Lagergren declare no conflicts of interest.
Footnotes
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Contributor Information
Ellinor Lundberg, Email: ellinorlundberg96@gmail.com.
Pernilla Lagergren, Email: pernilla.lagergren@ki.se.
Fredrik Mattsson, Email: fredrik.mattsson@ki.se.
Jesper Lagergren, Email: jesper.lagergren@ki.se.
References
- 1.Lagergren J, Smyth E, Cunningham D, Lagergren P. Oesophageal cancer. Lancet. 2017;390(10110):2383–2396. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31462-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 2.Ghaly G, Kamel M, Nasar A, et al. Locally advanced esophageal cancer: what becomes of 5-year survivors? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2016;151(3):726–732. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2015.10.096. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 3.Lundberg E, Lagergren P, Mattsson F, Lagergren J. Life expectancy in survivors of esophageal cancer compared with the background population. Ann Surg Oncol. 2022. 10.1245/s10434-022-11416-4. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed]