. 2022 Nov 1;10(11):2770. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10112770

Table 1.

Comparison between the three studied groups according to the lab investigation.

Lab Investigation	Group I (n = 60)	Group II (n = 60)	Group III (n = 60)	Test of Significance	p
Hemoglobin (gm/dL)
Mean ± SD	12.32 ± 1.41	12.41 ± 1.50	11.88 ± 1.55	F = 2.126	0.122
				F = 2.126	0.122
WBC (×103/uL)
Mean ± SD	7.11 ± 1.47	2.74 ± 0.36	2.73 ± 0.28	F = 488.252 *	<0.001 *
				F = 488.252 *	<0.001 *
Significance between Groups	p₁ < 0.001 _, p₂< 0.001 , p₃ = 0.998
Platelets
Median (Min–Max)	272.0 (178.0–397.0)	127.0 (115.0–172.0)	130.0 (115.0–138.0)	H = 123.172 *	<0.001 *
				H = 123.172 *	<0.001 *
Significance between Groups	p₁ < 0.001 _, p₂ < 0.001 , p₃ = 0.067
Lymphocytes (10³/uL)
Median (Min–Max)	1.60 (1.30–1.90)	1.60 (1.20–1.90)	1.50 (1.30–16.0)	H = 3.550	0.169
				H = 3.550	0.169
D-dimer (mg/mL)
Median (Min–Max)	0.18 (0.05–0.30)	1.40 (1.10–2.50)	1.35 (1.10–1.60)	H = 123.486 *	<0.001 *
				H = 123.486 *	<0.001 *
Significance between Groups	p₁ < 0.001 _, p₂ < 0.001 , p₃ = 0.107
CRP (mg/L)
Median (Min–Max)	1.90 (1.10–7.20)	72.0 (24.0–96.0)	96.0 (96.0–192.0)	H = 145.989 *	<0.001 *
				H = 145.989 *	<0.001 *
Significance between Groups	p₁ < 0.001 , p₂ < 0.001 , p₃ < 0.001 *
Ferritin (ng/mL)
Mean ± SD	30.33 ± 3.17	35.03 ± 3.72	96.22 ± 8.58	F = 2496.411 *	<0.001 *
				F = 2496.411 *	<0.001 *
Significance between Groups	p₁ < 0.001 , p₂ < 0.001 , p₃ < 0.001 *
IL6 (pg/mL)
Mean ± SD	1.94 ± 0.60	7.77 ± 1.70	11.62 ± 1.23	F = 900.400 *	<0.001 *
				F = 900.400 *	<0.001 *
Significance between Groups	p₁ < 0.001 , p₂ < 0.001 , p₃ < 0.001 *

SD: Standard deviation; F: F for ANOVA test, pairwise comparison between two groups were performed using the post hoc test (Tukey); H: H for Kruskal–Wallis test, pairwise comparison between two groups were performed the using post hoc test (Dunn’s for multiple comparisons test); p: p-value for comparison of the studied groups; p₁: p-value for comparison of Group I and Group II; p₂: p-value for comparison of Group I and Group III; p₃: p-value for comparison of Group II and Group III. *: Statistically significant at p ≤ 0.05. Group I: Control group; Group II: Moderate COVID-19 infection; Group III: Severe COVID-19 infection.