Table 4.

Characteristics of the EMA or FDA approved vaccines for COVID-19.

BNT162b2 (Pfizer / BioNTech)
Lipid compositions	Lipid molar ratios	mRNA	Durability & storage	Administration	Efficacy	Adverse effect	Status
ALC-0315 (Ionizable lipid) ALC-0159 (PEG-DMA) DSPC (Helper lipid) Cholesterol (Helper lipid)	46.3:1.6: 9.4:42.7	Full-length spike with Proline mutations (K986P, V987P, “2P”) Nucleoside modified RNA (modRNA, N1-methylpseudoridine) Codon optimization (base 103-3879)	55 days (half-life) -80 ~ -60℃ (30 days), -25 ~ -15℃ (14 days)	Deltoid 30 μg / 0.3 mL	95% (90.0 ~ 97.9%, second dose with 21 days interval)	Fever Myocarditis Pericarditis	Ongoing Phase 3 trial (2020-2023, NCT04368728) FDA approval (August 23, 2021)
mRNA-1273 (Moderna)
Lipid compositions	Lipid molar ratios	mRNA	Durability & storage	Administration	Efficacy	Adverse effect	Status
SM-102 (Ionizable lipid) PEG-DMG DSPC (Helper lipid) Cholesterol (Helper lipid)	50:1.5:10:5	Full-length spike with Proline mutations (K986P, V987P, “2P”) Nucleoside modified RNA (modRNA, N1-methylpseudoridine)	~55 days (half-life) 2 ~ 5℃ (30 days), -20 ~ -15℃ (4 months)	Deltoid 100 μg / 0.5 mL	94.1 % (89.3 ~ 96.8%, second dose with 28 days interval)	Fever Myocarditis Pericarditis	Completed Phase 3 trial (2020-2022, NCT04470427) FDA approval (January 31, 2022)