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. 2022 Oct 31;14(11):2411. doi: 10.3390/v14112411

Figure 2.

Figure 2

NS2 interacts with IRF3 and IRF7. (A) NS2 inhibits activation of the IFN-β promoter induced by RIG-IN, MDA5-Card, MAVS, TBK1, IKKε, IRF3, and IRF7. HEK293 cells were transfected with indicated plasmids along with increasing amounts (0, 200 ng, and 400 ng/mL) of Flag-NS2 expression plasmids. The activation of STAT1-luciferase triggered by IRF9 was used as a negative control. Reporter assays were performed 24 h after transfection. (B) Overexpressed NS2 interacts with IRF3 and IRF7. HEK293 cells were transfected with indicated plasmids for 24 h. Then, Co-IP and immunoblotting analyses were performed using indicated antibodies. (C) NS2 co-localizes with IRF3 and IRF7 in the cytoplasm. U2OS cells were transfected with Flag-NS2 and HA-IRF3/IRF7 plasmid for 24 h, and then stained with Flag antibody or HA antibody and secondary antibodies. Nuclei were counter-stained with DAPI. Scale bar, 20 μm. The data shown represent three independent experiments (p < 0.05 (*), p < 0.01 (**), p < 0.001 (***), ‘ns’ indicates no significant difference).