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. 2022 Nov 17;27(22):7963. doi: 10.3390/molecules27227963

Table 2.

Effects of insect medicine and their active ingredients on PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and their main purposed effects.

Natural Medicine Insect Atlas Active Ingredients Model Regulation of
PI3K/Akt
Signaling Pathway		 Main Purposed Effects Ref(s)
Insect
medicine
Earthworm graphic file with name molecules-27-07963-i011.jpg Lumbrokinase SD rats
mice		 ↑: p-PI3K and
p-Akt		 Anti-neuronal apoptosis
Anti-inflammation		 [147,148,149,150,151]
Leech graphic file with name molecules-27-07963-i012.jpg Hirudin;
Fibrinolysin.		 IPF rats
SD rats
mice		 ↑: p-Akt Anti-neuronal apoptosis
Anti-inflammation		 [152,153,154,155,156]
Scorpion graphic file with name molecules-27-07963-i013.jpg Adenosine;
Dipeptides.		 SD rats
K562 cell		 ↑: p-Akt Anti-neuronal apoptosis [157,158,159,160]
Insect
prescriptions
Tongxinluo
capsule		 Ginsenoside;
Hirudin;
Denosine;
Paeoniflorin.		 SD rats
mice		 ↑: p-Akt Anti-neuronal apoptosis [161,162,163,164,165]
Naoxintong
capsule		 Adenosine;
Hirudin; Tanshinone;
Danshensu;
Salvianolic Acid.		 SD rats ↑: p-Akt Anti-neuronal apoptosis [166,167,168,169]
Shuxuetong
injection		 Hirudin;
Lumbrokinase.		 SD rats ↑: p-Akt, VEGF Anti-oxidative stress
Anti-neuronal apoptosis		 [170,171,172,173]

↑ signifies increase/activate.