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. 2022 Nov 7;11(11):1305. doi: 10.3390/pathogens11111305

Table 5.

Risk factors for Neospora caninum antibodies in milk samples in Egypt.

Analyzed Factor No. of Tested No. of Negative (%) No. of Positive (%) OR (95% CI) # Fisher Test x
Region *
Qena 46 37 (80.4) 9 (19.6) Ref Ref
Sohag 70 48 (68.6) 22 (31.4) 0.49 (0.2–1.2) 0.19
Dakahlia 10 8 (80) 2 (20) 0.97 (0.18–5.4) 1
Animal species
Cattle 126 93 (73.8) 33 (26.2) 0.62 (0.13–3.1) 0.73
Buffalo 16 13 (81.3) 3 (18.7) 0.96 (0.13–7) 1
Sheep 18 12 (66.7) 6 (33.3) 0.44 (0.07–2.7) 0.67
Goat 11 9 (81.8) 2 (18.2) Ref Ref
Breed *
Native 10 8 (80) 2 (20) Ref Ref
Holstein Friesian 116 85 (73.3) 31 (26.7) 0.69 (0.14–3.4) 0.73
Management system *
Small holder 10 8 (80) 2 (20) Ref Ref
Farm (Small or large) 116 85 (73.3) 31 (26.7) 0.69 (0.14–3.4) 0.73

* Cattle only were assessed for these factors; # Odds ratio at 95% confidence interval as calculated by http://vassarstats.net/; x p value was evaluated by Fisher Exact Probability Test (two-tailed) using online statistics software http://vassarstats.net/, accessed on 11–14 September 2022, and GraphPad Prism version 5; Ref; value used as a reference.