Table 1.
Unweighted demographic characteristics of our study population (n = 7297).
| Characteristic a | Quantile of Blood Mn Levels | p-Value b | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quantile 1 (1.88–7.59) n = 1827 |
Quantile 2 (7.60–9.44) n = 1823 |
Quantile 3 (9.45–11.86) n = 1823 |
Quantile 4 (11.87–52.00) n = 1824 |
||
| Age (mean (SD)), year | 40.20 (11.60) | 39.25 (11.89) | 39.54 (11.61) | 38.78 (11.00) | 0.002 |
| BMI (mean (SD)), kg/m2 | 28.68 (6.66) | 28.98 (6.78) | 29.55 (7.10) | 29.13 (7.28) | 0.002 |
| PIR (mean (SD)) | 2.54 (1.66) | 2.55 (1.67) | 2.50 (1.65) | 2.49 (1.67) | 0.624 |
| 24 h energy intake (mean (SD)), kcal | 2364.94 (1100.27) | 2308.76 (1065.27) | 2223.33 (1010.60) | 2125.35 (950.04) | <0.001 |
| 24 h fat intake (mean (SD)), g | 91.92 (52.34) | 87.85 (50.36) | 85.58 (47.83) | 80.49 (45.05) | <0.001 |
| Gender | |||||
| Male | 1161 (63.5) | 1019 (55.9) | 896 (49.1) | 627 (34.4) | <0.001 |
| Female | 666 (36.5) | 804 (44.1) | 927 (50.9) | 1197 (65.6) | |
| Race | |||||
| Mexican American | 164 (9.0) | 198 (10.9) | 266 (14.6) | 332 (18.2) | <0.001 |
| Other Hispanic | 144 (7.9) | 181 (9.9) | 182 (10.0) | 182 (10.0) | |
| Non-Hispanic White | 737 (40.3) | 744 (40.8) | 704 (38.6) | 509 (27.9) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 640 (35.0) | 451 (24.7) | 308 (16.9) | 223 (12.2) | |
| Non-Hispanic Asian | 59 (3.2) | 153 (8.4) | 284 (15.6) | 501 (27.5) | |
| Other race—including multi-racial | 83 (4.5) | 96 (5.3) | 79 (4.3) | 77 (4.2) | |
| Educational level | |||||
| Less than 9th grade | 76 (4.2) | 93 (5.1) | 89 (4.9) | 124 (6.8) | <0.001 |
| 9–11th grade (includes 12th grade with no diploma) | 199 (10.9) | 199 (10.9) | 228 (12.5) | 205 (11.2) | |
| High school graduate/GED or equivalent | 447 (24.5) | 397 (21.8) | 375 (20.6) | 366 (20.1) | |
| College or AA degree | 657 (36.0) | 637 (34.9) | 594 (32.6) | 556 (30.5) | |
| College graduate or above | 448 (24.5) | 497 (27.3) | 537 (29.5) | 573 (31.4) | |
| BMI category, kg/m2 | |||||
| <25 | 573 (31.4) | 551 (30.2) | 531 (29.1) | 578 (31.7) | 0.046 |
| 25–29.9 | 608 (33.3) | 563 (30.9) | 552 (30.3) | 553 (30.3) | |
| ≥30 | 646 (35.4) | 709 (38.9) | 740 (40.6) | 693 (38.0) | |
| Marital status | |||||
| Married | 810 (44.3) | 822 (45.1) | 893 (49.0) | 933 (51.2) | <0.001 |
| Separated, divorced, or widowed | 286 (15.7) | 256 (14.0) | 268 (14.7) | 245 (13.4) | |
| Never married | 731 (40.0) | 745 (40.9) | 662 (36.3) | 646 (35.4) | |
| PIR | |||||
| <1.3 | 579 (31.7) | 589 (32.3) | 588 (32.3) | 614 (33.7) | 0.845 |
| 1.3–3.5 | 670 (36.7) | 649 (35.6) | 669 (36.7) | 636 (34.9) | |
| >3.5 | 578 (31.6) | 585 (32.1) | 566 (31.0) | 574 (31.5) | |
| 24 h alcohol consumption, g | |||||
| 0 | 1248 (68.3) | 1301 (71.4) | 1370 (75.2) | 1484 (81.4) | <0.001 |
| 0.1–4.9 | 16 (0.9) | 14 (0.8) | 10 (0.5) | 19 (1.0) | |
| 5–14.9 | 96 (5.3) | 95 (5.2) | 86 (4.7) | 50 (2.7) | |
| 15–29.9 | 131 (7.2) | 136 (7.5) | 105 (5.8) | 109 (6.0) | |
| ≥30 | 336 (18.4) | 277 (15.2) | 252 (13.8) | 162 (8.9) | |
| Smoking status | |||||
| Smoker | 824 (45.1) | 799 (43.8) | 683 (37.5) | 608 (33.3) | <0.001 |
| Non-smoker | 1003 (54.9) | 1024 (56.2) | 1140 (62.5) | 1216 (66.7) | |
| Physical activity, h/week | |||||
| 0 | 779 (42.6) | 809 (44.4) | 802 (44.0) | 869 (47.6) | 0.065 |
| >0–<1 | 63 (3.4) | 60 (3.3) | 67 (3.7) | 62 (3.4) | |
| ≥1–<3.5 | 428 (23.4) | 416 (22.8) | 451 (24.7) | 410 (22.5) | |
| ≥3.5–<6 | 225 (12.3) | 208 (11.4) | 228 (12.5) | 208 (11.4) | |
| ≥6 | 332 (18.2) | 330 (18.1) | 275 (15.1) | 275 (15.1) | |
a: The data were unweighted. The bold is represent the main variables. b: ANOVA and chi-square methods were used to test if there were differences in the baseline variables among individuals in each Mn quantile.