Table 3.

The list of some peptide-lipid conjugates.

Lipidopeptide/Protein	Lipid	Attachment Strategy	Effects	Ref.
Liraglutide	Palmitic acid	γ-glutamic acid	Extension of the half-life, reducing renal clearance	[171]
Salmon calcitonin	N-palmitoylated	Cys-1 and Cys-7 of the peptide	Extension of the half-life, reducing renal clearance	[172]
Opioid peptide leu-enkephalin	3,4 bis(decylthiomethyl)- 2,5-furandione 16	N-terminus binding	Reducing receptor binding, increasing protease stability	[173]
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone	lauric acid	N-terminus binding	Peptide penetration across the small intestine	[174,175]
H-Ras	1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine	maleimide-functionalized phospholipids/ S-palmitoylation at Cys181 and Cys184	Dimerization	[176]
Caveolin-3	octanethiol	cysteine S-fatty acylation	As a small protein model in the study of lipidation of proteins	[177]
Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3)	maleimide palmitate	maleimide-functionalized phospholipids/ S-palmitoylation at Cys72 and Cys105	Enhancing the conserved amphipathic domain	[178]
Cathepsin-B inhibitor	Palmitic acid	Palmitoylation of the amino groups (ε-lysyl amino groups)	Increasing the inhibitory effect on cathepsin-B	[179]