Table 5.

Examples of those nanoparticles have been used to stabilize proteins and peptides.

Nanoparticle	Protein Cargo	Delivery Rout	Ref.
Chitosan functionalized lipid nanoparticle (LN)	Insulin	Oral	[214]
Chitosan-modified mesoporous silica	Insulin	Suggested for oral delivery	[215]
Chitosan-modified carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin	BSA	Oral	[216]
Poly(lactide)-tocopheryl polyethyde glycol succinate	BSA	Oral	[217]
Alginate	Osteogenic protein-1	Intranasal	[218]
DOPE-liposome	E75 peptide (HER-2/neu-369–377)	Intravenous	[219]
DOTAP-liposome	HSV-derivated E7 oncoprotein	Intravenous	[220]
Chitosan-coated liposomal system	Ghrelin (a peptide hormone that can regulate appetite and body weight changing)	Nose-to-brain delivery	[221]
Chitosan-covered liposomes	Rainbow trout skin-derived peptides	Suggested for oral delivery	[222]
PEGylated liposomes	Opiorphin	Intravenous	[223]
Polyacrylate-coated superparamagnetic Fe3O4	Elastin-like VPGVG pentapeptides	Subcutaneous injections	[223]
G4 OH-terminated PAMAM	AFPQFRSATLLL	Subcutaneous injections	[224]
Thiolated chitosan nanoparticles	Insulin	Subcutaneous injections	[225]
Chitosan-modified PLGA nanospheres	Elcatonin	Pulmonary	[226]
Chitosan nanoparticles	RGD peptide (Arg-Gly-Asp)	Intravenous	[227]

Abbreviations: DOPE: 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, HER: Herceptin, GLP-1: glucacon-like peptide-1, DOTAP: N-(2,3-Dioleoyloxy-1-propyl)trimethylammonium methyl sulfate, HSV: herpes simplex virus, PAMAM: Poly(amidoamine), PLGA: poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid).