Table 3.
Microarchitecture of whole design bone scaffold.
| Author | Design | Material | Porosity (%) | PS (μm) | CS (MPa) | ME (MPa) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Serra, Planell, and Navarro [35] |
 
|
PLA/PEG | ||||
| ORTH | 75 ± 0.86 | 165 ± 5 | NA | 92.32 ± 2.18 | ||
| DISPL | 28.38 ± 3.99 | |||||
| PLA/PEG/G5 | 70 ± 1.2 | 165 ± 5 | NA | 99.81 ± 3.55 | ||
| ORTH | 44.19 ± 2.67 | |||||
| DISPL | ||||||
| Karuppudaiyan and Singh [36] |  |
0/90° | 82.17 | NA | 2.5 | 57.20 |
| 0/60/120° | 82.37 | 1.76 | 29.90 | |||
| 0/45/90° | 65.66 | 9.35 | 149.75 | |||
| 0/45/90/135° | 62.41 | 7.35 | 212.21 | |||
| Pecci et al. [37] |  |
PLA | 27 | 400 | ||
| layer height 0.25 | 46 | 500 | ||||
| mm | 65 | 600 | 27.8 ± 3.5 | 1.3 ± 0.2 | ||
| 0.4 mm | 35 | Random 400–600 | 25.3 ± 1.5 | 1.6 ± 0.2 | ||
| Sohrabian et al. [38] |  |
PLA | ||||
| 0/90 | 60 | 300 | 6.289 ± 0.115 | 230.44 ± 11.2 | ||
| 0/45/135/90 | 6.261 ± 0.097 | 159.19 ± 6.8 | ||||
| 0/60/120 | 6.253 ± 0.134 | 202.2 ± 9.5 | ||||
| 0/90 shifted | 4.418 ± 0.086 | 156.56 ± 7.3 | ||||
| 0/45/135/90 shifted | 6.151 ± 0.126 | 177.62 ± 8.3 | ||||
| 0/60/120 shifted | 6.427 ± 0.144 | 179.5 ± 8.1 | ||||
| Bagwan et al. [39] |
 
|
PLA | ||||
| 0/-90/-0/-90 | 41.32 | 350 | NA | 21,871 to 30,948 | ||
| 0/-30/-0/-30 | 42.69 | 350 | ||||
| 0/-45/-0/-45 | 42.25 | 350 | ||||
| 0/-60/-0/-60 | 42.70 | 350 | ||||
| 0/-45/-90/-135 | 42.15 | 350 | ||||
| 0/-60/-120/-180 | 42.74 | 350 | ||||
| 0/- 90/-0/- 90 | 47.83 | 514 | 20,340 to 28,781 | |||
| 0/- 30/- 0/- 30 | 49.14 | 514 | ||||
| 0/- 45/- 0/- 45 | 48.92 | 514 | ||||
| 0/-60/-0/-60 | 49.10 | 514 | ||||
| 0/-45/-90/-135 | 50.53 | 514 | ||||
| 0/60/-120/-180 | 49.47 | 514 | ||||
| 0/-90/-0/-90 | 54.34 | 733 | 19,018 to 26,911 | |||
| 0/-30/-0/-30 | 55.86 | 733 | ||||
| 0/-45/-0/-45 | 55.80 | 733 | ||||
| 0/-60/-0/-60 | 55.68 | 733 | ||||
| 0/-45/-90/-135 | 55.82 | 733 | ||||
| 0/-60/-120/-180 | 56.12 | 733 |