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The American Physiological Society is issuing a retraction of this article at the request of the University of Michigan. Following a review, a university research misconduct investigation committee found that there was falsification and/or fabrication of vagal pancreatic efferent nerve recording data by internal reuse of portions of the same trace data in Figs. 2A, 5A, 5C, 10A, 10B, and 12C. In addition, the committee determined that there was falsification and/or fabrication of immunocytochemistry data by the reuse of single-cell images in Fig. 9A.
