Table 1. Clinical and angiographic lesion characteristics in the study patients.
| Variables | Total population, N=408 (%) | Derivation set, N=285 (%) | Validation set, N=123 (%) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 57.1±9.4 | 57.7±9.5 | 56.1±9.3 | 0.18* | |
| Male sex | 361 (88.5%) | 251 (88.1%) | 110 (89.4%) | 0.69 | |
| Diabetes | 131 (32.1%) | 84 (29.5%) | 47 (38.2%) | 0.08 | |
| Hypertension | 204 (50%) | 141 (49.5%) | 63 (51.2%) | 0.75 | |
| Smoking | 173 (42.1%) | 119 (41.8%) | 54 (43.9%) | 0.69 | |
| LVEF | >50% | 330 (80.9%) | 18 (6.3%) | 11 (8.9%) | 0.45 |
| 30-50% | 49 (12%) | 37 (13%) | 12 (9.8%) | ||
| <30% | 29 (7.1%) | 230 (80.7%) | 100 (81.3%) | ||
| Clinical symptom | CSA | 233 (57.1%) | 155 (54.4%) | 78 (63.4%) | 0.08 |
| ACS | 116 (28.4%) | 82 (28.8%) | 34 (27.6%) | ||
| MI | 59 (14.5%) | 48 (16.8%) | 11 (9.0%) | ||
| Lesion site | LAD | 174 (42.6%) | 114 (40%) | 60 (48.8%) | 0.26 |
| LCx | 71 (17.4%) | 52 (18.2%) | 19 (15.4%) | ||
| RCA | 163 (40%) | 119 (41.8%) | 44 (35.8%) | ||
| Duration of occlusion | 3 months to 1 year | 182 (44.6%) | 132 (46.3%) | 50 (40.7%) | 0.33 |
| >1 year | 192 (47.1%) | 133 (45.9%) | 61 (49.5%) | ||
| Indeterminate | 34 (8.3%) | 22 (7.7%) | 12 (9.7%) | ||
| Proximal cap blunt | 150 (36.8%) | 97 (34%) | 53 (43.1%) | 0.08 | |
| Side branch present | 108 (26.5%) | 71 (24.9%) | 37 (30.1%) | 0.28 | |
| Bridging collaterals present | 53 (13%) | 37 (13%) | 16 (13%) | 0.99 | |
| Length of occlusion >20 mm | 191 (46.8%) | 131 (46%) | 60 (48.8%) | 0.60 | |
| Calcification present | 131 (32.1%) | 92 (32.3%) | 39 (31.7%) | 0.91 | |
| Tortuosity present | 127 (31.1%) | 90 (31.6%) | 37 (30.1%) | 0.76 | |
| Ostial | 53 (13%) | 34 (11.9%) | 19 (15.4%) | 0.33 | |
| Antegrade trickle present (microchannels) | 148 (36.3%) | 107 (37.5%) | 41 (33.3%) | 0.42 | |
| Rentrop grade <2 | 355 (87%) | 243 (85.3%) | 112 (91.1%) | 0.11 | |
| Ipsilateral collateral present | 189 (46.3%) | 134 (47%) | 55 (44.7%) | 0.67 | |
| Contralateral collateral present | 184 (45.1%) | 124 (43.5%) | 60 (48.8%) | 0.33 | |
| In-stent lesion | 14 (3.4%) | 9 (3.2%) | 5 (4.1%) | 0.77 | |
| Previous failed attempt | 22 (5.4%) | 17 (6%) | 5 (4.1%) | 0.44 | |
| J-CTO score | 1.52±1.1 | 1.5±1.1 | 1.6±1.2 | 0.52* | |
| Total AG success | 341 (83.6%) | 235 (82.5%) | 106 (86.2%) | 0.35 | |
| *Mann-Whitney test. ACS: acute coronary syndrome; AG: antegrade; CSA: chronic stable angina; LAD: left anterior descending artery; LCx: left circumflex artery; MI: myocardial infarction; RCA: right coronary artery | |||||