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. 2022 Dec 2;186(1):112–130.e20. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.11.030

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© 2022 The Authors

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SARS-CoV-2 co-localizes with microvilli in later stages of infection

(A) Representative IF staining of EBP50, phalloidin (microvilli marker), and ACTUB (top) and phosphorylated EZR (pEZR), EZR, and ACTUB (bottom) in ALI-cultured HNEs Donor 1.

(B–D) SARS-CoV-2 attaches to microvilli at 24 hpi. (B) Mock-treated or infected HNEs (MOI 0.3) were stained 6, 24, 48, 96 hpi. Representative IF staining for SARS-CoV-2 NP and ACTUB plus phalloidin in mock or SARS-CoV-2-infected HNEs, Donor 1 (right panel). Quantified percentages of microvilli-attached SARS-CoV-2-positive ciliated HNEs Donors 1–4 are shown. (C and D) Mock-treated versus infected HNEs (Donor 3; MOI 0.3) were fixed after 24 hpi. The cells were observed by TEM (C) or SEM (D). Arrowhead: virus particles. Donors 4–6 showed similar results. Scale bars: 10 μm (A, left), 5 μm (A, right and B), 1 μm (C and D). See Figure S3 and Table S1.