TABLE 2.
Simulation Program Outcomes
| Author (Year) | Profession | Simulation Intervention | Attitudes/Satisfaction With Simulation | Knowledge Development | Skill Development | Change in Confidence | Readiness for Professional Role | Interprofessional Collaboration | Emotional Response | Competency Assessment | Kirkpatrick's Hierarchy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Preplacement | |||||||||||
| Brown and Williams52 (2009)* | Occupational therapy | Prerecorded SBLE + sim patients | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 1, 2 | |||||
| Gibbs et al57 (2015) | Dietetics and nursing | High-fidelity SBLE + sim patients | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 2 | |||||
| Green and Appleyard58 (2011) | Radiation therapy | Computer SBLE | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 1, 2 | |||||
| Kelly et al64 (2020) | Radiation therapy | Sim patients | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 1, 2 | |||||
| Lee et al66 (2020) | Radiography | Computer SBLE | ✓ | ✓ | 1, 2 | ||||||
| Liley et al67 (2018) | Radiography | Computer SBLE | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 1, 2 | ||||
| Lucas et al (2019)68 | Pharmacy | Sim patients | ✓ | ✓ | 1, 2 | ||||||
| Miller et al70 (2017) | Physiotherapy | Sim patients | ✓ | ✓ | 1, 3 | ||||||
| Sando et al77 (2013) | Pharmacy | Sim patients | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 1, 2, 4 | |||||
| Shiner78 (2019) | Radiography | Sim patients | ✓ | ✓ | 1, 2 | ||||||
| Silberman et al79 (2016)† | Physiotherapy | High-fidelity SBLE | ✓ | ✓ | 1, 2 | ||||||
| Silberman et al80 (2016)† | Physiotherapy | High-fidelity SBLE | ✓ | 3 | |||||||
| Silberman et al81 (2013) | Physiotherapy | High-fidelity SBLE | ✓ | ✓ | 1, 2 | ||||||
| Tuttle and Horan84 (2019) | Physiotherapy | Sim patients | ✓ | 3 | |||||||
| Tuttle and Biolocerkowski85 (2017) | Physiotherapy | Sim patients | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 1, 2, 3 | |||||
| Williams et al88 (2010)* | Occupational therapy and physiotherapy | Prerecorded SBLE + sim patients | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 1, 2 | |||||
| Preplacement and during placement | |||||||||||
| Mills et al71 (2020) | Occupational therapy, speech pathology and dietetics | Prerecorded SBLE + sim patients | ✓ | ✓ | 1, 2 | ||||||
| During placement | |||||||||||
| Al-Dahir et al49 (2014) | Pharmacy | Computer SBLE | ✓ | ✓ | 1, 2 | ||||||
| Elshami and Abuzaid53 (2017) | Radiography | Computer SBLE | ✓ | 1 | |||||||
| Eng et al54 (2014) | Pharmacy | High-fidelity SBLE + sim patients | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 2 | |||||
| Farahat et al22 (2015) | Dietetics | Sim patients | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 1, 2 | |||
| Henry et al13 (2009) | Dietetics | Sim patients | ✓ | 1 | |||||||
| Hill et al60 (2013) | Speech pathology | Sim patients | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 1, 2 | ||||
| Messer and Griffiths69 (2007) | Radiography | Computer high-fidelity SBLE | ✓ | ✓ | 1,2 | ||||||
| Opie and Elsner72 (2010) | Radiation therapy | High-fidelity SBLE | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 1, 2 | |||||
| Reed76 (2014) | Occupational therapy | Sim patients | ✓ | ✓ | 1, 2 | ||||||
| Shorland et al14 (2018) | Speech pathology | Sim patients | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 1, 2 | |||||
| Taylor et al82 (2017) | Speech pathology, pharmacy and medicine | High-fidelity SBLE + sim patients | ✓ | ✓ | 2 | ||||||
| Turner et al83 (2000) | Dietetics | Computer SBLE | ✓ | ✓ | 1, 3 | ||||||
| Wilson et al89 (2010) | Audiology | Computer SBLE + sim patients | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 1, 2 | |||||
| Substitute placement hours | |||||||||||
| Barker et al18 (2018)‡ | Pharmacy | Sim patients | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 1, 2 | |||||
| Blackford et al50 (2015)§ | Physiotherapy | Sim patients | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 1, 2, 3 | ||||
| Blackford et al51 (2020)§ | Physiotherapy | Sim patients | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 3, 4 | |||||
| Blackstock et al10 (2013) | Physiotherapy | High-fidelity SBLE + sim patients | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 1, 2, 3, 4 | ||||
| Fejzic and Barker55 (2016)‡ | Pharmacy | Sim patients | ✓ | ✓ | 1, 2 | ||||||
| Fejzic and Barker56 (2015)‡ | Pharmacy | Sim patients | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 1, 2 | |||||
| Hill et al59 (2020) | Speech pathology | Sim patients | ✓ | 3 | |||||||
| Imms et al9 (2018) | Occupational therapy | Sim patients | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 1, 2, 3 | ||||
| Johnston et al61 (2018) | Physiotherapy | Sim patients | ✓ | 1 | |||||||
| Judd et al62 (2016) | Physiotherapy | Sim patients | ✓ | 1 | |||||||
| Kelly et al63 (1996) | Physiotherapy | Sim patients | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 1, 2 | |||||
| Ketterer et al65 (2020) | Radiography | High-fidelity SBLE + sim patients | ✓ | ✓ | 2, 3 | ||||||
| Pfaff73 (2014) | Radiologic technology | High-fidelity SBLE + sim patients | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 1, 2 | |||||
| Phillips et al74 (2018) | Social work | Sim patients | ✓ | 3 | |||||||
| Quail et al75 (2016) | Speech pathology | Computer SBLE and sim patients | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 1, 2 | |||
| Vyas et al86 (2010) | Pharmacy | High-fidelity SBLE + sim patients | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 1, 2 | ||||
| Watson et al87 (2012) | Physiotherapy | Sim patients | ✓ | ✓ | 2, 3 | ||||||
| Wright et al8 (2018) | Physiotherapy | Sim patients | ✓ | ✓ | 2, 3 | ||||||
*Related studies.
†Related studies.
‡Related studies.
§Related studies.