Abstract
Thisstudy aimed to evaluate the effect of the electric current direction application on the resin composite-dentin bond strength using three adhesive systems. Human molar teeth were distributed according to the adhesive system (two-step self-etch - Clearfil SE Bond, Kuraray [CSE]; one-step self-etch - Single Bond Universal, 3M ESPE [SBU]; and two-step etch-and-rinse - Adper Single Bond 2, 3M ESPE [SB2]), electric current direction (without electric current - control, direct and reverse electric currents - 35µA), and storage time (24h - immediate and 6 months). Resin composite blocks (Filtek Z350XT, 3M ESPE) were bonded to dentin. The teeth/resin composites specimens were stored in distilled water at 37ºC for 24 hours and 6 months for the microtensile bond strength (µTBS) test (n = 10; ~12 sticks for each tooth). Failure patterns were analyzed on a stereomicroscope and classified as cohesive-dentin, cohesive-resin, adhesive or mixed. Adhesive penetration into dentin and hybrid layer formation were evaluated in a scanning electron microscope (n = 6). Data were submitted to a three-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test (α = 0.05). There are no differences in µTBS when the adhesive systems were applied under direct and reverse electric currents, but both electric currents increased the µTBS for all adhesive systems. SBU showed the lowest µTBS values for control groups in both storage times and direct electric current in 6 months of storage. The adhesive failure pattern was more frequently observed in all groups. The electric current formed long resin tags for all adhesive systems. Storage for 6 months did not significantly decrease µTBS values. Both directions of electric current (positive and negative charges) at 35µA can increase the µTBS of the adhesive systems tested to dentin.
Key Words: adhesion, bond strength, dentin, electrical current, resin composite
Resumo
O objetivo neste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da direção da corrente elétrica na resistência da união resina composta-dentina usando três sistemas adesivos. Dentes molares humanos foram distribuídos de acordo com o sistema adesivo (dois passos autocondicionante - Clearfil SE Bond, Kuraray [CSE]; e um passo autocondicionante - Single Bond Universal, 3M ESPE [SBU]; e dois passos convencional - Adper Single Bond 2, 3M ESPE [SB2]), a direção da corrente elétrica (sem corrente elétrica - controle, correntes elétricas direta e reversa - 35µA) e tempo de armazenamento (24h - imediato e 6 meses). Blocos de resina composta (Filtek Z350XT, 3M ESPE) foram aderidos à dentina. Amostras de dentina-resina foram produzidas e armazenadas em água destilada a 37ºC por 24 horas e 6 meses para o teste de resistência da união à microtração (µTBS) (n = 10; ~12 palitos por dente). Os padrões de fratura foram analisados em estereomicroscópio e classificados em falhas coesiva na dentina, coesiva na resina, adesiva ou mista. A penetração do adesivo na dentina e a formação da camada híbrida foram avaliadas em microscópio eletrônico de varredura (MEV). Os dados foram submetidos à ANOVA três fatores seguidos pelo teste post hoc de Tukey (α = 0,05). Não houve diferenças na µTBS quando os sistemas adesivos foram aplicados sob as correntes elétricas direta e reversa, mas ambas as correntes elétricas aumentaram a µTBS para todos os sistemas adesivos. SBU apresentou os menores valores de µTBS para o grupo controle em ambos os tempos de armazenamento e para a corrente elétrica direta em 6 meses de armazenamento. Falhas adesivas foram mais frequente em todos os grupos. A corrente elétrica formou longos tags resinosos para todos os sistemas adesivos. O armazenamento por 6 meses não diminuiu significativamente os valores de µTBS. Ambos os sentidos da corrente elétrica (cargas positivas e negativas) a 35µA podem aumentar a µTBS dos sistemas adesivos testados à dentina.
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